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Cell anatomy
Cell anatomy 2
Cell terms
The cell cycle
Cell regulators
100
A strong rigid structure made of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane of plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae. This protects the cell from being shapeless and from contraction biruses. without it some organisms would be unable to keep their upright shape.
What is a Cell wall?
100
All cells have this and it acts as a protective barrier that seperates the conents of the cell from the outside. It is made up of two layers of lipids and proteins that stick out and act as pathways to the cell.
What is Cell membrane?
100
A type of diffusion of water trying to create equalibrium.
What is Osmosis?
100
The longest phase of the cell cycle. When chromosomes are not visible and the cell is growing, replicating DNA and centrioles, and performing its normal functions.
What is Interphase?
200
This part of the cell is only found in Eukaryotic cells, and are how the cell sends messages. Also inside this are vital DNA that tell the cell how to make proteins.
What is a Nucleus?
200
There are many of these through out the cell and act as a site for protein synthesis. Assembled at the nucleolus then exported into cytoplasm. Eukaryote cells have larger these.
What is Ribosome?
200
When equilibrium is made by water leaving the cell.
What is Hypertonic?
200
The longest phase of mitosis. When the chromatin condenses into chomosomes that then become visibil but still jumbled. The spindle stats to form and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
What is Prophase?
200
The cyclins that work inside the cell to make sure all preperations in terms of compying DNA are good before the cell moves on to the next step of mitosis.
What is an Internal regulator?
300
Small green parts only found in plant cells that make it possible for photosynthesis to take place. These trap energy from the sun for the production of sugar for the plant.
What is a chloroplast?
300
There's a smooth part and a rough part: Smooth having nothing on it while rough are covered in ribosomes. A sysem of membranes taht run through the cytoplasm of all eukaryote cells that make protein, help to fold the new proteins into a certain function for the cell, and help with the transpertasion of proteins.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
300
When it takes energy for the cell to move materials in or out.
What is Active transport?
300
When the chromosomes become, more or less, organized so they are lined up across the cell and connected to spindle fiber by their centromere. The nucleus has disappeared.
What is Metaphase?
300
The cyclins that work outside the cell that can direct cells to speed up or slow down cell division.
What is an External regulator?
400
Is the cells main power source and is covered in two membranes. this organelle is used to transform sugar into energy. Energy is then released and stored in ATP.
What is a Mitochondria?
400
These help with the transportationof proteins in and out of the cell. When new proteins are made they go to this to be covered in a molecular layer so they can leave the cell.
What is a Golgi apparatus?
400
When materials leave the cell through active transport.
What is Exocyosis?
400
The sister chromatids seperate into individual chromosomes and start to move to opposite ends of the cell.
What is Anaphase
400
A gene that makes sure DNA divison has gone alright, or else will tell the cell to fix the problem. If the cell is unable to fix problem then this can direct the cell to go through apoptosis.
What is Gene p53?
500
Small dense region in wich the assembly of proteins begins. Found in eukaryote cells and are rich in RNA.
What is Nucleolus?
500
These organelles break up food so that it is easier to digest and uptake for the cell and the body. They can digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulf and destroy foreign bodies that could harm the cell.
What is a Lysosome?
500
The process of endocytosis with large materials.
What is Phagocytosis?
500
The new individual chromosomes are gathered at either side of the cell and two new nuclear envelopes will form. In animal cells the middle of cell will start to pinch at center for it to seperate. In plant cells a new cell wall will begin to form.
What is Telephase
500
Becuase if this didn't happen cells might become mutated and harm your system, your cells need to be able to reproduce acording to when and when not cells are needed. If a cell has messed up anywhere in mitosis then p53 can tell the cell to go through Apoptosis, which could save other cells from the potentially mutated cell.
What is Why is cell regulation important?