Animal and Plant cells
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
It controls the activities of the cell and contains genetic material.
Why do animal cells NOT have chloroplasts?
Animals do not have chloroplasts because they do not perform photosynthesis. Instead, animals get their energy from eating plants or other animals, while chloroplasts are found in plants and algae to help them make their own food from sunlight.
Root hair cells are found in the roots of plants. What is their main function, and how does their shape help them?
Root hair cells absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Their long, thin shape increases surface area for better absorption.
What are the main animals organs?
1. Brain
2. Heart
3. Lungs
4. Stomach
5.Intestine
6.Kidney
7.Liver
8.Bladder
Plant cells have both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Why do they need both?
Chloroplasts convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose) through the process of photosynthesis. This provides the cell with food.
Mitochondria are like tiny power plants in a cell. They take the food we eat and turn it into energy that the cell can use to work.
Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus?
To provide more space for hemoglobin, allowing them to carry more oxygen.
How does the xylem help in the transport of water in plants?
By forming hollow, tubes that carry water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
What tissue carries messages to and from the brain?
Nerve tissue
Phloem tissue is responsible for transporting food in plants. Where does the food come from, and where is it sent?
The food (sugars) is made in the leaves during photosynthesis and sent to other parts of the plant for growth and storage.
What is the difference between plant and animals vacoules?
Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water and helps maintain cell shape, while animal cells have small vacuoles that store nutrients and waste.
Why do plants require xylem cells in both their roots and stems?
Xylem cells in the roots transport water and minerals upwards, while those in the stems distribute the water to leaves and other parts of the plant, ensuring proper hydration and nutrient transport.
How are root hair cells adapted to absorb water and nutrients from the soil?
Root hair cells have a long, thin extension to increase surface area for absorption.
How does the brain control the body’s movements?
The brain sends electrical signals through nerves to muscles, which then cause movement.
Describe the difference between Phleom tissues and Phleom Cells
phloem tissue is the whole network for food transport in plants, while phloem cells are the individual cells that make up this tissue and have specific roles.
What are the levels of organisation in living things, and what does each level mean?
What is the main function of a sperm cell, and how does its structure help it do this?
The sperm cell's main function is to fertilize the egg. Its tail helps it swim, and the head carries genetic information.
What is the function of palisade cells in leaves, and how are they adapted for this role?
Palisade cells carry out photosynthesis. They contain many chloroplasts and are tightly packed to maximize sunlight absorption.
What is the role of muscle tissue in the body, and how does its structure help it perform its function?
Muscle tissue helps the body move by contracting and relaxing. Its fibers allow for strength and flexibility in movement.
What tissue in plants carries water?
Xylem Tissue
Plant cells often have a strong structure outside their cell membrane that provides protection and support. What is this structure called, and why don’t animal cells have it?
The cell wall; animal cells don’t need it because they rely on their skeletons or other support structures.
Describe two ways a nerve cell is adapted to carry messages quickly around the body.
A nerve cell has a long shape to carry signals over distances and extensions called dendrites to connect with other cells.
What makes xylem cells special, and how do they help the plant survive?
Xylem cells are long tubes that carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant, helping it stay hydrated.
How does the liver help in digestion?
The liver produces bile, which helps break down fats in the digestive system.
How does the structure of a nerve cell help it transmit signals?
Nerve cells have long extensions (axons) that allow them to send electrical signals quickly over long distances.