Cells
All living things are made up of _______.
cells
This controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cell (plasma) membrane
What is homeostasis?
The need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions
What is the purpose of the Cell cycle?
Growth and Repair
What is the cell cycle controlled by?
A chemical control system
What is one principle of the cell theory?
All cells come from other cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Contains genetic material (DNA)
Nucleus
Give and example of a positive feedback mechanism
Human childbirth, fruit ripening
What is Interphase?
The growth phase of the cell cycle
Give an example of an abnormality that can occur due to the absence of apoptosis.
Webbed fingers/toes
Name a trait of a eukaryotic cell AND a prokaryotic cell.
Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
What do ribosomes make?
proteins
Give an example of a negative feedback mechanism
Human body temperature (thermoregulation)
Water concentration (osmoregulation)
Blood sugar regulation
What are the 2 types of stem cells?
Embryonic and adult stem cells
What is cancer?
uncontrolled cell division
Definition of Unicellular and multicellular
Unicellular- composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells
What do chloroplasts do?
Where photosynthesis takes place. Converts energy from the sun, water, and CO₂ to make food for plants.
Name 1 type of passive transport and explain what it is
Simple diffusion-The spreading out of molecules across a membrane until equilibrium is reached
Facilitated diffusion-A transport protein helps to facilitate the diffusion of molecules that normally couldn‘t pass through the cell membrane
Osmosis-The simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane
What are the 5 phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
What is the difference between benign and malignant?
Benign-abnormal cells that typically remain clustered together. May be harmless and easily removed.
Malignant-cancer cells that break away from the tumor and move to other parts of the body→more tumors.
What is one thing a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn't have? What is one thing an animal cell has that a plant cell doesn't have?
Plant- cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole(larger than animal vacuole)
Animal- centrioles, lysosomes
What is the name of the organelle that is crucial for cell division in animal cells?
Centrioles
What are the 2 types of active transport?
Molecular pumps, using vesicles
During Cytokinesis, what happens in an animal cell? In a plant cell?
Plant cell: forms a cell plate
Animal cell: forms a cleavage furrow
What are the 4 categories of things that cause cancer (based on our notes)?
1) Biological
2)Lifestyle
3)Viruses and other infections
4)Exposure to carcinogens