Cells
Animal & Plant cells
What are Eukaryotic cells.
They contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and ribosomes.
Both also contain Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi bodies (Apparatus): Mitochondria; and Vacuoles.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are small organelles where protein synthesis takes place. They are found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum.
***Ribosomes connect amino acids to build proteins in the cell. These proteins are needed for cell functions.
Mitichondria
Mitochondria are round or rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. A mitochondrion is often called a "powerhouse of the cell" because it produces energy for the cell. Mitochondria convert chemical energy in sugar to usable energy for the cell. This energy is known as ATP. ***The cell powerhouse where nutrients are digested and energy is created for the cell. Responsible for cellular respiration.
Vesicles that contain enzymes that digest cell nutrients and bark down old cell parts
Lysosome
Plant cells, not Animal cells
Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall; animal cells do not.
Plant cells make their own food (Photosynthesis: sun+water+Carbon Dioxide CO2 into Oxygen O2)
cell membrane
The cell membrane is a structure that surrounds the cell . It acts like a barrier : It allows substances to pass in and out of the cell AND helps a cell communicate with other cells.
***Flexible material that holds the parts of the cell together.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a series of interconnected membranes found outside the nucleus.
There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough ER and Smooth ER
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are vesicles in the cell that store nutrients, waste or water. Sometimes we name vacuoles based on what they contain. For example, a food vacuole contains food. ***Storage bin where food, nutrients and waste are kept. ****Plant cell have one large central vacuole that contains water and helps maintain the shape of a cell. Much larger in plant cells than animal cells.
Acts like a barrier and allows substances to pass in and out of the cell (Animal and Plant cells)
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Plant cells have a cell wall, located just outside the cell membrane.
The cell wall is rigid and helps provide structure and protection.
***Cell wall made of cellulose.This is tougher and thicker than a cell membrane (Unique to Plant cells)
cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like material located in the cell in which the organelles are contained.
It is composed of water and dissolved nutrients and salts.
*** The fluid of dissolved molecules that fills the cell and suspends organelles.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, giving it a "rough" appearance.
It transports materials through the cell and produces proteins.
***Rough ER functions as a protein manufacturing and packaging system. Ribosomes attach to its surface.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are small, round vesicles that contains enzymes that digest cell nutrients and break down old cell parts. To digest food, they merge with food vacuoles to digest nutrients.
***Enzymes created by the Golgi that are used to digest food and removes cell waste. **** Animal cells - not generally found in plants.
Small organelle where protein synthesis takes place
Ribosome
Plants have one large central one that contains water and helps maintain the shape of a cell
Vacuole
Nucleus
The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell.
It contains DNA (genetic material) and controls many of the cells functions.
***Cell brain or command center that controls cell activity. //Controls eating, movement & reproduction.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it.
Like Rough ER, it transports materials through the cell, BUT produces lipids instead of proteins.
***Smooth ER is important in the creation of lipids and hormones. It transports these products throughout the cell.
Centrioles
Two organelles that work to help the cell Divide.
Centrioles are found in Animal cells.
Powerhouse of the cell because it produces energy
Mitochondria
Energy called ?
ATP
Found outside the nucleus - Transports materials throughout the cell and produces proteins.
Rough ER
Nucleolus
Within the nucleus is a structure called the nucleolus.
The nucleolus produces parts of the ribosomes.
***Sphere shape in the nucleus. Makes ribosomes for the endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)
The Golgi bodies (also called Golgi Apparatus to Golgi Complex) sort and package materials such as proteins and carbohydrates into vesicles. These vesicles are delivered to certain parts of the cell or exported from the cell.
***Golgi Body gathers simple molecules and sorts and packages them into more complex molecules.
Chloroplasts
Plant cells have chloroplasts. A chloroplast contains green pigment called chlorophyll. Photosynthesis (synthesis of food from the sun's energy) takes place in the chloroplast.
***Chloroplasts produce food by converting light energy into sugar that cells can use. (Unique to plant cells)
Transports materials throughout the cell and produces lipids
Smooth ER
Sort and package materials such as proteins and carbohydrates into vesicles that are delivered to parts of the cell or exported from the cell
Golgi body or apparatus