Biomolecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Code for traits; heredity
Why do plants need a large vacuole?
Storage of water
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic--contains carbon
Inorganic--does NOT contain carbon
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction
Describe what makes up a lipid
a glycerol and 3 fatty acids --> triglyceride
What is the function of lipids in a person's diet?
Long-term energy storage
What organelle is known as the cell's "powerhouse"?
Mitochondria
A polymer is composed of what?
Monomers
How does an enzyme affect the energy level required to start a reaction?
Lowers it
Name a monomer and one polymer of carbohydrates.
Monomers--glucose Polymers--starch, glycogen, cellulose
What is the function of proteins, and where are they usually found in the cell?
controls cellular processes
Name three differences between plant and animal cells.
Plants have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole
Name three differences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes do not contain a nucleus, membrane - bound organelles and are simple in complexity
What happens to an enzyme after it performs its "job" on a molecule?
Nothing; it ends up the same as when it started
What are the monomers of proteins, and how many are there?
Amino Acids 20
What kind of carbohydrates function as long-term energy storage?
Polymers/Polysaccharides = starch, vegetables, grains, bread
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
What does Benedict's solution test for and what color indicates a positive reaction?
Simple sugars (mono- and di-saccharides); any color besides blue
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where its molecule binds?
Active site
What are the three parts of a nucleotide (monomer of DNA/RNA)?
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
What kind of carbohydrates function as short-term energy storage?
Monomers - glucose
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What solution is used to test for Complex sugars, and what color indicates a positive result?
Iodine solution; black/brown
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), Substrate concentration, Denatured enzyme