Cell Development & Differentiation
This is the term for an undifferentiated cell that can develop into various specialized cell types.
What are stem cells?
This phase of the cell cycle is characterized by cell growth and the production of proteins before DNA replication occurs.
What is G1 (Gap 1)?
This is the term for the uncontrolled division of cells, often due to a failure in the cell cycle’s regulation.
What is cancer?
This long, continuous strand of DNA contains thousands of genes and regulatory information, and is the fundamental structure of a chromosome.
What is a chromatid?
These signals, such as hormones or nutrients, that can affect the progression of the cell cycle.
What are external signals?
These stem cells are found in bone marrow and are already partially differentiated, capable of becoming bone, blood, fat, and more.
What are adult stem cells?
In this phase, DNA is replicated, and chromosomes are duplicated.
What is S (Synthesis) phase?
This type of tumor remains clustered together and is typically harmless and easy to remove.
What is a benign tumor?
This part of the chromosome holds the two sister chromatids together and appears pinched.
What is a centromere?
These signals, particularly from the DNA, regulate the cell cycle.
What are internal signals?
This term describes the process where a fertilized egg (zygote) undergoes repeated cell division to create many identical cells.
What is mitosis?
During this phase of mitosis, chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
This type of tumor breaks away from where they started and spread to other parts of body.
What are malignant tumors?
These are the two identical copies of a chromosome that form after DNA replication.
What are sister chromatids?
These are crucial in controlling the timing of the cell cycle and preventing uncontrolled growth.
What are checkpoints?
This process follows gastrulation and is responsible for the formation of body organs and organ systems.
What is organogenesis?
This final stage of mitosis involves the reformation of the nuclear membrane and the breakdown of spindle fibers.
What is telophase?
This process refers to programmed cell death, where cells self-destruct when damaged or no longer needed.
What is apoptosis?
This is the protective cap at the end of a chromosome that prevents damage and ensures proper replication.
What are telomeres?
This type of signal is generated when a cell becomes damaged and needs to self-destruct to prevent uncontrolled growth.
What is apoptosis?
This early stage of embryonic development involves three primary germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm.
What is a gastrula?
This phase marks the separation of sister chromatids, which are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
What is anaphase?
The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to others, forming new tumors, is known as this.
What is metastasis?
If the parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many will the daughter cells have?
What is 16 chromosomes?
Checkpoints are usually after these stages in the Cell Cycle.
What is near the end of G1, at the G2/M transition, and during metaphase.