Cell theory
List 4 characteristics of life
growth, respiration, reproduction, movement, excretion, metabolism, homeostasis, response to stimuli
What are 2 types of microscopes commonly used?
Compound and electron microscopes
Energy is produced by the mitochondria of the cell. What is this energy called?
Adenosine triphosphate
The __________of the cell membrane is made up of hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails.
Phospholipid bilayer
Passive and active transport differ how?
One requires ATP, one does not.
List the 3 components of cell theory
All living things are composed of 1 or more cells.
They are the smallest functional and structural units of life.
All cells come from other cells.
When was the first compound microscope invented? 1500s, 1600s or 1700s?
1500s
This structure holds nutrients, water, and waste that the cell does not use immediately
Vacuole
What are 3 macromolecules found on/in the cellular membrane?
Proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol
Through what type of transport does glucose move?
Facilitated diffusion
What is abiogenesis?
abiogenesis is the theory that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
Who coined the term "cell" by observing cork?
Robert Hooke
The following organelle creates lysosomes. It also modifies, sorts and packages the proteins created by the rough ER.
Golgi apparatus
What are the 3 types of passive transport?
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Solution A: 95% water and 5% salt
Solution B: 80% water and 20% salt
If these solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows water to pass through but not the salt, in what direction will the water move?
from solution B to solution A
Define prokaryote. Give an example of a prokaryote.
Prokaryotes: simple, unicellular organisms without membrane bound organelles. Examples are bacteria and archaea.
Why is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek considered the father of microbiology?
he was the first to observe microorganisms like bacteria, sperm cells, red blood cells, etc.
These are small & Circular structures. They contain enzymes that are used to digest food in the vacuole. Plants do not have these.
Lysosomes
Larger molecules and ions move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the help of 2 types of proteins. What type of transport is this? What are these proteins called?
Facilitated diffusion. Carrier and channel proteins.
To sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary ACTIVE transport. How many sodium are exchanged for how many potassium? In what direction does this movement occur?
3 sodium are moved out of the cell, and 2 potassium are moved into the cell.
Provide 2 reasons why viruses are NOT living organisms
Viruses can only replicate (reproduce) with the help of a host cell.
Viruses cannot metabolize nutrients on their own.
Viruses do not grow
Viruses do not produce waste products
List 5 rules for scientific drawing
Clear, well-defined lines
Minimal shading
Big enough to see the structures clearly
Labels have straight lines
Avoid crossing lines for your labels
Your labels will have to touch the structure
Your drawing needs a title
No colored pencils or markers
List 3 characteristics unique to PLANT cells
Rigid/rectangular
Large vacuole
Cell wall
No lysosomes
Chloroplasts
Define osmosis. What is it's goal?
Osmosis is the movement of water via diffusion. The goal of osmosis is to balance the concentration of water (solvent) and solute (the dissolved substances) on both sides of the membrane, until equilibrium is reached.
Vesicular transport is broken into 2 main categories. What are they?
1. Exocytosis
2. Endocytosis (phagocytosis/pinocytosis)