Cells & Microscopes
He first observed cork cells under a microscope in 1665.
Robert Hooke
The “control centre” of a cell
nucleus
What are materials made up of?
Tiny particles
What state is water in when it is steam?
Gas
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
All living things are made up of these building blocks.
cells
These organelles provide energy in both plant and animal cells.
mitochondria
What do we call a substance made of just one type of particle?
A substance.
Which state of matter can be compressed easily?
Gas
In which states of matter can diffusion happen?
Liquids and gases.
This piece of equipment is needed to magnify cells.
microscope
Plant cells have a cell wall, vacuole, and __________ that animal cells do not.
chloroplasts
Why is gold considered a substance?
Because it is made of only gold particles.
Why can’t solids flow?
Their particles only vibrate in place and don’t move freely.
Why does diffusion happen faster at higher temperatures?
Because particles move faster.
Total magnification = eyepiece × __________.
objective lens
These green organelles trap sunlight for photosynthesis.
chloroplasts
Name the four factors that determine a substance’s properties.
Type of particles, arrangement/separation, movement, and how strongly they hold together.
Describe two differences between solids and liquids.
Solids cannot flow and have a fixed shape; liquids flow and take the shape of their container.
Why does ammonia diffuse faster than hydrogen chloride?
Ammonia particles are smaller and lighter.
This is the term for carefully looking at an object in detail in science.
observation
The vacuole contains a watery liquid called __________.
cell sap
Why does gold have a greater mass than water for the same volume?
Because gold particles have a greater mass than water particles.
Use the particle model to explain why gases can be compressed but solids and liquids cannot.
Gas particles are far apart with empty space; solids and liquids have particles that are close together.
Explain why you can smell perfume across a room.
Perfume particles evaporate, move randomly, and spread out by diffusion until they mix with air.