Cell Organelles
What organelle stores DNA and controls most cell activities?
Nucleus
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
What type of bone is the femur?
Long bone
What abdominal region lies just above the stomach?
Epigastric region
What does a chiropractor do?
Realigns the spine and joints to relieve pain and improve movement
What organelle produces energy through cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls what enters and exits the cell and helps maintain homeostasis
What is a sesamoid bone, and what is the most common example?
A small bone inside a tendon; the patella
Which abdominal quadrant contains the appendix?
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
What type of education does a chiropractor need?
Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.); typically requires 7–8 years of schooling
What organelle contains enzymes that break down waste and foreign material?
Lysosomes
What is the path a protein takes through the cell after it is made?
Nucleus → Ribosome → ER → Golgi Apparatus → Vesicle
What’s the difference between compact and spongy bone?
Compact is dense and strong; spongy is porous, lighter, and contains red marrow
A scan slices the body into left and right halves. What plane is used?
Sagittal plane
What is the main job of an athletic trainer?
Prevent, diagnose, and treat muscle and bone injuries, especially in athletes
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Rough ER makes proteins; smooth ER makes lipids and detoxifies the cell
What do ribosomes do, and where are they found?
They build proteins; found on rough ER or floating in cytoplasm
What is the periosteum, and what is its role?
It’s a tough membrane covering bone; helps with protection and muscle attachment
A stab wound occurs in the left lower back. What region and quadrant is affected?
Left Lumbar region and Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
How do chiropractic and athletic training careers differ in workplace setting?
Chiropractors often work in clinics; athletic trainers work in schools, sports teams, or rehab
Name three organelles found only in plant cells.
Chloroplasts, large central vacuole, and cell wall
During intense exercise, a muscle cell increases its demand for energy and begins producing lactic acid. Explain which organelles are involved in this process and what it tells us about the cell’s function.
The mitochondria try to meet the energy demand through cellular respiration. If oxygen is limited, the cell switches to anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid. This shows how cells adapt to maintain energy, even under stress.
What are trabeculae and where are they found?
Web-like structures in spongy bone that support and hold red marrow
A patient is experiencing sharp pain in the right hypochondriac region after eating fatty food. What organ is likely affected, and what quadrant is this located in?
The gallbladder is likely affected, which is located in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) and the right hypochondriac region.
Compare how each chiropractors and athletic trainers approach back pain treatment.
Chiropractors adjust spinal alignment; athletic trainers use stretching, taping, and rehab