Cell Theory
Who first used the term “cells” after studying cork?
Robert Hooke.
True or false: Prokaryotic cells do not contain genetic information.
FALSE!
A cell loses its ability to regulate what enters and leaves it. Which structure is damaged?
Cell membrane.
Name THREE structures shared by typical plant and animal cells.
Any three: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus.
Name the two organelles most closely associated with photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria, respectively.
Why did microscopes change scientists' understanding of living things?
They made it possible to observe cells too small to see with the naked eye.
Are plant and animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Both are eukaryotic.
A cell cannot break down and recycle damaged cell parts. Which organelle may be malfunctioning?
Lysosomeeee
Which structure gives plant cells rigid support, and which regulates the movement of materials in and out?
The cell wall provides rigid support; the cell membrane regulates movement.
Why can cells from the same organism have different shapes and numbers of organelles?
They are specialized for different functions.
State the three principles of cell theory.
All living things are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function; all cells come from preexisting cells.
Name THREE structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Any 3 from this list:
DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane.
A muscle cell needs more usable energy. Which organelle would you expect to find in large numbers?
Mitochondria.
A scientist finds a cell containing a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts. Is it more likely from a leaf or a human cheek?
A leaf.
Arrange these from smallest to largest: organ, tissue, organ system, cell.
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System.
A scientist discovers a new living organism. According to cell theory, where must its cells have come from?
Preexisting cells.
Two cells both have DNA. Only one has a nucleus. What type is each?
The cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic; the one without a nucleus is prokaryotic.
A cell must produce and prepare large amounts of proteins for transport. Name TWO structures especially involved.
Ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus.
A student says plants have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria. Is the student correct? Explain.
No. Plant cells have both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Why do muscle cells tend to have more mitochondria than cells that require less energy?
Muscle cells need more usable energy for contraction.
A student says, “Every cell has a nucleus because every cell needs instructions.” What is wrong with this statement?
Not every cell has a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells have DNA but no nucleus.
A microscopic organism has DNA and ribosomes but no nucleus. Is it alive, and can it produce proteins?
Yes to both. It can be a living prokaryotic organism, and its ribosomes can make proteins.
A cell can still manufacture proteins, but it cannot modify, sort, or package them properly. Which organelle has stopped functioning?
The Golgi apparatus.
A plant begins wilting because its cells have lost water. Which organelle has lost water, and how does this affect the plant?
The large central vacuole. Loss of water reduces turgor pressure and support.
A student says that photosynthesis is homeostasis because it keeps plants alive. What term more directly describes photosynthesis as a chemical process?
Metabolism. Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that transforms energy.