Vocab
The phosphate head of a single phospholipid is described as this:
What is 'hydrophilic and/or polar?'
The stem 'cyt' or 'cyto-' means
What is 'cell?'
This organelle serves the purpose of protecting DNA from mutation or other damage
What is the nucleus?
This organelle expresses genes by producing proteins
What is the ribosome?
This term literally translates to 'water-fearing'
What his 'hydrophobic?'
Bacteria are all considered ______________ organisms
What is 'prokaryotic and/or unicellular?'
This term refers to a molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons
What is polar?
This is the definition of 'hierarchy' as defined in class (MUST be the definition we used together in class):
What is 'a system of organization in which levels are ranked based on size or superiority?'
This organelle is responsible for producing chemical energy (in the form of ATP) for the cell
What is the mitochondria?
This part of an organelle is responsible for breaking down lipids
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
This term describes the inner layer of the phospholipid bilayer that is made up of fatty acid tails
What is 'hydrophobic/non-polar?'
What is 'an organelle found only in plant and some bacteria cells that is responsible for going through photosynthesis?'
Give three examples of eukaryotic organisms
What are 'plants, animals, protists, fungi, anything EXCEPT bacteria?'
List the three parts of cell theory
What is '1) all living organisms are made up of one or more cells, 2) cells are the basic unit of STRUCTURE and FUNCTION for all living things, and 3) all cells come from pre-existing cells?'
The average adult human body is made up of this many cells
What is 'about 30 trillion cells?'
This organelle is used finish processing and packaging proteins before they are sent to their final destination
What is the Golgi apparatus/Golgi body?
List the four types of biomolecules that make up all living things
What are 1) proteins, 2) lipids, 3) carbohydrates, and 4) nucleic acids?
On the board, draw a single phospholipid and label its regions with respect to how it reacts with water
Answer on board
Briefly explain why bacteria cells are difficult to destroy
What is 'because of their protein capsule, which acts as a protective suit of armor?'
This structure is only found on bacteria cells aids with movement and ingestion of particles
What is the bacterial flagella?
These are five of the six major criteria that all living organisms must meet:
What are 1) made up of one or more cells, 2) metabolize/use energy, 3) reproduce and pass their traits on to offspring, 4) use DNA or RNA to pass their traits on, 5) respond to stimuli to maintain homeostasis, 6) growth and development?
These are the major differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA:
What is 'Prokaryotic DNA is in small, circular pieces called plasmids; Eukaryotic DNA is in long strands that form chromosomes, Prokaryotes gain genetic diversity via plasmid exchange through pili; Eukaryotes gain genetic diversity through sexual reproduction?'
This is the difference between channel and carrier proteins
What is 1) channel proteins are like hollow tubes that substances can easily flow into/out of, 2) carrier proteins use energy to change their shape to move substance into/out of the cell?
List the four types of membrane-embedded proteins AND explain the job of each
What are 1) cell surface markers (nametags for cells), 2) enzymes (speed up reactions, break down materials), 3) transport proteins (move substances in and out of cells), and 4) receptor proteins (collect info about external conditions, send that info to nucleus of cell)?
What is 'lysosomes contain only digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials; peroxisomes also contain metabolic enzymes?'