Vocab
This is the fluid-like substance found inside all cells (not including organelles that are suspended in the fluid)
What is cytosol?
These organisms are always unicellular
What are prokaryotes (would also accept bacteria or archaea)?
This term refers to the space outside of the cell
What is the extracellular space?
This prefix means 'inside or within'
What is 'Endo-?' (would also accept 'intra')
There are just over ______________ different types of cells that make up the human body
What is 200?
Bacteria and Archaea are all considered ______________ organisms
What is 'prokaryotic and/or unicellular?'
These organisms can be unicellular or multicellular
What are eukaryotes?
This dense, spherical region of the nucleus is responsible for producing ribosomes
What is the nucleolus?
These strong fibers make up most of the cytoskeleton of the cell
What are microfilaments?
This organelle is made for storing water, nutrients; is large and central in plant cells
What is the vacuole?
This organelle breaks down carbohydrates to produce chemical energy for the cell
What are the mitochondria?
This is the organelle that carries out photosynthesis
What is the chloroplast?
Eukaryotic organisms have their DNA in this form
What are chromosomes?
The long, hollow protein cylinders control the movements of chromosomes during cell division
What are microtubules?
This is the second greatest factor that affects the rate of diffusion
What is temperature?
This organelle contains enzymes to break down and digest waste materials; found mostly in animal cells
What are lysosomes?
List the four types of biomolecules that make up all living things
What are 1) proteins, 2) lipids, 3) carbohydrates, and 4) nucleic acids?
Eukaryotic organisms have DNA in the form of _______________; DNA in its least condensed form is called _____________________
What is 1) chromosomes; 2) chromatin?
List the three layers found on the outside of prokaryotic cells
What are 1) the protein capsule, 2) the cell wall, and 3) the cell membrane?
Briefly explain why the cell membrane requires both parts/regions in order to help the cell maintain homeostasis
What is 'the hydrophilic section is necessary because our cells are always surrounded by/holding onto water and the hydrophobic section is necessary to regulate the movement of water in/out of cells?'
List three organelles/structures that all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share in common
What are 1) ribosomes, 2) DNA, 3) cell membrane, 4) cytoplasm?
These are three of the major differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells:
What is '1) Prokaryotic DNA is in small, circular pieces called plasmids; Eukaryotic DNA is in the form chromosomes, 2) Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles; Eukaryotes do, 3) Prokaryotes are always unicellular, Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular, and 4) Prokaryotic cells are very small, Eukaryotic cells are much larger, 5) Prokaryotic cells have pili and flagella, Eukaryotic cells don't, 6) Prokaryotic cells have a protein capsule, Eukaryotic cells do not?'
Briefly explain the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER
What is 'the rough ER is covered with ribosomes and produces proteins, the smooth ER is not covered with ribosomes and produces lipids and some carbohydrates for the cell?'
List the two other terms used to refer to the cell membrane
What are 1) the plasma membrane, 2) the phospholipid bilayer?
List the hierarchy of life from atoms to the organism levels
What is: atoms < compounds < biomolecules < organelles < cells < tissues < organs < organ systems < organism?