Membrane Basics
What is another name for the cell membrane?
phospholipid bilayer / plasma membrane
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration is ...
diffusion
Osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion are all examples of _________________ transport.
Passive transport
What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of life
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Substance in which a solute is dissolved
Solvent
What does “semi-permeable” mean when describing the cell membrane?
Only certain molecules can pass through the membrane while others cannot.
The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration is...
Osmosis
List two substances that can enter and exit cells via FACILITATED DIFFUSION
sugars and ions
The invention of this device made it possible to visualize cells
The compound light microscope
The concentration of solute is LOWER on the outside of the cell
Hypotonic
What are the four main components of a cell membrane?
Phospholipids, carbohydrates, cholesterol, proteins
The three types of solutions where Osmosis is observable in cells are...
Hypertonic, Hypotonic, and Isotonic Solutions
The process of moving substances against their concentration gradient from _________ to __________ is called __________________.
low to high , ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What four things do ALL CELLS have in common?
DNA, Ribosomes, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm
Diffusion will continue until ...
Equilibrium
Heads are POLAR and HYDROPHILIC
Tails are NONPOLAR and HYDROPHOBIC
What components make up a solution? Make an example with percentages.
Solution = (Solute + Solvent) = 100%
Ex: Saltwater = 20% salt (Solute) + 80% water (solvent)
List two examples of when a cell would use ACTIVE TRANSPORT
to move Na+ / K+
for Endo / exocytosis
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.
Pressure exerted by the movement of water during osmosis
osmotic pressure
Describe the relationship between carbohydrate chains on the cell membrane surface and blood types.
Carbohydrates, based on specific sugar patterns, determine blood type (A, B, AB, O) and are how blood types are identified.
Proteins that allow water molecules to get past the hydrophobic nonpolar center of the phospholipid bilayer
Aquaporin protein channels
A FRESHWATER fish is placed in a SALTWATER environment. Describe what happens to its cells in terms of Osmosis.
Water moves out of the fish’s cells into the saltier environment (hypertonic solution), causing the cells to shrink and dehydrate. This can be fatal to freshwater fish.
Who were the two main scientists involved in creating the cell theory based on early observations of cells and the invention of the light microscope?
Robert Hooke and Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
What are the two types of bulk transport? What are they used for?
Endocytosis = ENTER, cell membrane forms a phospholipid vesicle around large cargo like an Amoeba eating a microbe.
Exocytosis = EXIT, cell membrane forms vesicle around waste, vesicle fuses with membrane to release waste.