Cell Basics/ Organelles
State one of the three statements that make up the modern cell theory.
Which base has a complimentary pairing with Thymine?
Adenine
or
A
What is the location of transcription in eukaryotic cells?
The Nucleus
DNA can be broken into multiple sections called this. Humans have 46 of these inside each nucleated cell.
Chromosome
State a purpose of mitosis
to grow
or
to heal
or
to reproduce
What is a feature of Eukaryotic cells that distinguishes them from Prokaryotic cells?
The Nucleus
or
Membrane bound organelles
or
More commonly multicellular
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is produced in Translation?
Protein
or
Polypeptide chain
The biological gender of a human with two X chromosomes.
Female
Name the stages of mitosis in order
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
An organelle that allows for the movement of substances into and out of a cell. Commonly known as the gatekeeper.
Cell membrane
Or
Plasma membrane
Find the complimentary DNA sequence for the following sequence of DNA.
TAC ATT CGC GAG
ATG TAA GCG CTC
For the given DNA strand find the amino acid sequence (requires codon chart)
TAC ATG CTA ATC
met - tyr - asp - STOP
If nondisjunction during meiosis occurs it can lead to an organism receiving one extra or one too few chromosomes. This organism has whats called?
aneuploidy
Describe a significant event that occurs during telophase in mitosis or meiosis
The nuclear envelope reforms
I am an organelle unique to plant cells. I contain a pigment that absorbs red and blue light and typically reflects green light. I can be used to synthesise carbohydrates.
I am a chloroplast.
What is the name of the chemical bond between complimentary bases in DNA?
Hydrogen bond
Briefly describe transcription
1. DNA is unzipped
2. RNA polymerase joins complimentary nucleotides
3. mRNA is formed
If an individual gets an extra 21st chromosome they have?
Trisomy 21 (down syndrome)
Meiosis is a significantly different process from mitosis it results in the production of how many cells? And what are these cells called?
4 cells produced
They are called gametes
It is stated by the theory of endosymbiosis that this organelle was once a free living prokaryote. It has a double membrane structure with the inner membrane containing ATP synthase.
The mitochondria
How many Hydrogen bonds are formed between cytosine and guanine?
3
Briefly describe translation
- mRNA joins to a ribosome
- mRNA codons code for amino acids
- tRNA with complimentary anticodons drop off amino acids
- polypeptide chain (protein) is formed and detaches
An error in DNA replication can cause sinlge nucleotide mutations to occur where an A can be changed to a T. If this happens, the mRNA codon can change from AAA to UAA.
What is the name of this mutation? and what is the consequence of this on the protein formed (requires codon chart)?
point mutation
and
Lysine amino acid changes to STOP codon. OR protein structrue is changed.
During prophase 1 of meiosis a significant event occurs where the homologous chromosomes line up and exchange small sections of DNA. what is the name of this process and what affect does it have on the genetic diversity of offspring?
Crossing over.
Offspring have more/ increaed genetic diversity.