Mitosis
Which phase would you see the chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
Name the 3 parts of interphase in order.
G1, S, and G2
What is a cell
The most basic unit of life
Which organelle allows the passage of certain materials into or out of the cell?
Cell membrane
These are special protein channels that let water through
Aquaporins
Which phase do cells spend most of their time in?
Interphase
Which phase would see the chromosomes thicken and become visible?
Prophase
Give an example of an organism that has eukaryotic cells inside of its body.
Plants or animals
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down food (sugar) to convert it to energy for the cell to use?
Mitochondria
This is when a cell "drinks" a liquid
pinocytosis
The term for cell death is ______________.
Apoptosis
What structure holds the chromatids together?
Centromere
Describe one similarity between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Answers may vary - 1) They both have DNA. 2) They both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, or ribosome
Name an organelle only found in animal cells
Small vacuoles, lysosomes, centrosomes, tight junction, gap junction, cilia and flagella, desmosome, extracellular matrix
Name the four types of bulk transport
pinocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which structure becomes the mitotic spindles?
Microtubules, made by centrioles(in animals)
What is the last phase of mitosis?
Telophase.
*Cytokinesis after telophase, but it is considered a separate step/process of the cell cycle. Not included in mitosis
Give an example of an organism that has prokaryotic cells inside of its body.
Bacteria
Name at least 2 organelles that are only found in the plant cell and not an animal cell.
Chloroplast, cell wall, large central vacuole, plasmodesmata
Why do plant cells like hypotonic solutions?
It creates the turgor pressure needed to give the cell its structure.
What is different between plant and animal cells when they go through cytokinesis?
Plant cells form a cell plate to divide the cells and animal cells don't need this structure to divide.
What is the function of the three internal checkpoints?
G1- Check DNA is not damaged
G2- Check replication is correct and no DNA damage
M- Checks if spindles are correctly attached to kinetochores
Name 3 differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are simpler, smaller, and reproduce faster than eukaryotic cells; prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus; etc.
Describe the difference between a cell membrane and a cell wall
A cell membrane allows materials to enter or leave the cell. A cell wall provides protection for the cell.
What happens when a substance binds to a carrier protein?
The binding substance causes a change in the shape of the carrier protein that brings the substance into or out of the cell