Cell Structures
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell membrane
Which organelle is known as the “control center”?
The Nucleus
What process occurs in chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
What does DNA do?
DNA acts as the instructions for the cell.
How many rounds of mitosis (cell division) are needed to go from 1 cell to 8?
3
Which organelle gives plant cells their stiff shape?
The Cell Wall
Which organelle reads DNA instructions to build proteins?
What molecule stores energy like a battery?
Glucose/Sugar
Which bases pair together?
A–T and C–G
During which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle?
Metaphase
Name the “must-have” parts of all cells. 300 points per correct organelle named - 4 possible.
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
Which two organelles package and ship proteins?
ER and Golgi apparatus
What organelle breaks down glucose to make ATP? (Which organelle gives your cells energy?)
Mitochondria
What are mutations?
Damage or errors in the genetic code of an organism.
Why must DNA copy before mitosis?
So each cell has exact copies of the DNA
Why can cells not grow infinitely large?
Surface area can’t keep up with volume; materials can’t move fast enough
Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?
They need lots of energy
How are photosynthesis and respiration connected?
Outputs of one are inputs of the other
How are chromosomes, genes, and DNA related?
DNA is the whole code, like an entire book - chromosomes are large chunks like chapters, and genes are specific areas like sentences, pages, or words.
If DNA is not copied correctly, what might result?
Mutation
Explain why a long, thin cell is more efficient at exchange than a large round one.
More surface area relative to volume
If lysosomes stopped working, what would happen to the cell?
Waste would build up / cell damage
Why do you breathe faster when running?
Need more oxygen for cellular respiration
Why aren’t mutations in skin cells inherited?
Only germ cells pass DNA to offspring
Why does the DNA organize itself into chromosomes before dividing?
To check and prevent errors in the copying of the DNA