Cell Transport & Energy
Cell processes such as osmosis and diffusion help cells maintain internal balance and stability. What is this internal balance called?
Homeostasis
What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
convert glucose into energy (ATP)
Name the core structural parts found inside animal cells.
Nucleus, Mitochondria, ER, Cell Membrane, Lysosome, Ribosomes, Golgi Body, Cytoplasm
List the five levels of cellular organization in complex living organisms in order from simplest to most complex.
Cell, Tissues, Organ, Organ Systems, Organism
When molecules naturally move across a semi-permeable membrane down their concentration gradient, how do they move?
high to low concentration
What is the process by which a plant cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food?
Photosynthesis
Name the two specific cell organelles required for photosynthesis and cellular respiration to occur.
Name the structural parts found inside plant cells, including those not present in animal cells.
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Ribosomes, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, ER
What level of cellular organization consists of a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function?
Organs
When water molecules move from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration, what process is taking place, and what condition is reached when net movement stops?
osmosis; homeostasis
Complete the statement: Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP, whereas passive transport requires what?
no energy
If two completely different cells both contain mitochondria, what cellular process occurs in both cells?
Cellular Respiration
If a cell possesses a nucleus, chloroplasts, and a cell wall, but lacks lysosomes, what capability does this cell have?
Photosynthesis
In a school cafeteria analogy, delivery trucks bring raw materials, cooks prepare meals, and trash cans store waste. Which cell structures correspond to these three roles?
delivery trucks are ER
cooks are chloroplasts
trash cans are vacuoles
When a cell membrane folds inward to surround a particle and bring it inside the cell using energy, what specific form of transport is taking place?
active transport
Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis, which is broken down during cellular respiration. What does cellular respiration provide to cells?
energy (ATP)
A cell is experiencing damage because digestive enzymes—responsible for breaking down waste and foreign particles—are leaking into the cytoplasm. Which organelle has been disrupted?
Lysosome
Explain the interdependent relationship between plants and animals regarding gas exchange and energy intake.
Animals exhale carbon dioxide, plants take it in, complete photosynthesis, release oxygen that we breathe in
What primary role does the cell membrane play in maintaining a cell's internal environment during food intake and waste removal?
controls what goes in and comes out of the cell
Describe how a cell membrane brings a large food particle into the cell during endocytosis.
The cell membrane surrounds the food particle and brings it into the cell using energy.
What type of transport requires a cell to use its own energy to move molecules across the cell membrane?
Active Transport
Human liver cells require a massive amount of energy to carry out their metabolic functions. Which organelle would you expect to find in large quantities within these cells?
Mitochondria
If all chloroplasts were removed from a plant cell, how would the plant's mitochondria and overall energy production be affected?
There would be no glucose needed for cellular respiration, so there would be no energy produced for the cell.
A scientist sterilizes a broth solution by boiling it and seals it completely. After a month, no cells appear. Which core rule of Cell Theory does this demonstrate?
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Heterotrophs cannot make their own food and must intake glucose across their cell membrane. What is the process called when a cell engulfs outer glucose molecules to import them?
endocytosis