Vocab
The prefix 'lys-' means this
what is 'to digest or break down?'
This is a system of classification in which different levels are ranked according to size or superiority
What is a hierarchy?
This cellular structure is considered to be a 'unifying feature of all living things'
What is the cell membrane?
These are small, circular pieces of DNA found inside prokaryotic cells
What are plasmids?
Cell walls are made out of this strong carbohydrate
What is cellulose?
This is a condensed region of circular DNA found in the center of prokaryotic cells
What is the nucleoid?
These hair-like extensions found on prokaryotic cells allow cells to exchange pieces of genetic information
What are pili?
This structure makes bacteria cells very difficult to destroy
What is the protein capsule?
These two groups belong in Domain Prokarya
What are bacteria and archaea?
The prefix 'Cyto-' means
What is 'cell?'
This structure is made out of cellulose and provides structure and support for prokaryotic cells, plants cells, protist cells, and fungal cells
What is the cell wall?
Briefly explain why we need to understand how our cells react with water
What is 'because our cells are constantly sitting in water so we need to understand how they react with different types of water-based solutions for medical, health, and cosmetic reasons among others?'
This biomolecule is produced mainly by ribosomes and is how all living organisms express their genes
What are proteins?
Cells come together to create _______________
What are 'tissues?'
This is a tail-like extension found on prokaryotic cells that is used for movement and ingestion of food particles
What are the flagella?
This organelle is responsible for sorting, preparing, and packaging proteins for transport out of the cell
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This is why we want to see a high surface area-to-volume ratio
What is 'increased surface area means there is more space for chemical reactions to occur?'
This organelle is where microtubules grow from and is responsible for cell division
What is the centrosome/centrioles?
These are the four kingdoms that belong in Domain Eukarya
What are plants, animals, fungi, and protists?
These are membrane sacs that contain enzymes for metabolism and energy use
What are peroxisomes?
List the three parts of Cell Theory
What are 1) all living things are made up of one or more cells, 2) all cells come from preexisting cells, and 3) cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things?
List the three major types of stem cells discussed in class and briefly define each type:
What are 1) unipotent - can only turn into a single type of cell, 2) pluripotent - can turn into any type of cell except placental cells, and 3) totipotent - can turn into any type of cell including placental cells?
On the board, draw a single phospholipid, label each part, and label each part with respect to how it behaves with water
Answer on board
This terms describes the process by which cells further develop into specialized types of cells (skin cells, liver cells, brain cells, etc)
What is differentiation?
Briefly explain why scientists think that cells have remained the same size for hundreds of millions of years
What is 'because cells have optimized the ratio of surface area (total area of the cell that is exposed to other cells) to volume (the amount of space taken up by a cell) - smaller cells allow for faster communication and faster transport of materials?'