Cell Cycle
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
What are organelles?
The "little organs" inside of a cell (within the cytoplasm.)
What is the acronym for memorizing the stages of mitosis?
P-M-A-T
They only allow certain substances to enter or leave a cell.
Who was Robert Hooke?
The first scientist to classify cells.
What is the phase of cytoplasm division?
Cytokinesis
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP?
Mitochondria
What is metaphase?
When the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell for replication and division.
What is the movement of substances from higher to lower concentrated areas?
Diffusion
What is cellular respiration?
Chemical reactions in the mitochondria of a cell that converts food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
What is mitosis?
Division of the cell's nucleus.
The surface area of a cell involves which part of the cell?
Cell Membrane
Often association with mitosis and the mitotic phase, this phase is stand-alone, and involves the division of the cell's cytoplasm; resulting in daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules only (vacuole of a plant cell.)
What organelle helps plant cells to practice photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
What is interphase?
The period of a cell's growth and development.
Which organelle is responsible for storing materials (i.e. water) for the cell?
Vacuole
What are the things that pull away the chromatids from the center toward opposite sides of the cell?
Spindle Fibers
Are channel proteins in a cell's membrane an example of active or passive transport?
Passive Transport
DNA as a chromosome--two sister chromatids are held together by a ________________?
Centromere
What percentage of the cell cycle is spent in the interphase stage?
>90%
What is the main organelle difference between animal and plant cells?
Plant cells contain chloroplasts and cell walls.
List all phases of mitosis (including division of cytoplasm!)
1) Prophase
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase
4) Telophase
5) Cytokinesis
Why is proper surface area to volume ratio important for cell function?
It ensures a cell is either growing or dividing to provide efficient transport of materials throughout the cell, as well as efficient communication between cells.
What are the five levels of organization of all multicellular living things?
Cells-->Tissue-->Organs-->Organ Systems-->Organism