Cell Basics
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cells
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Does diffusion require energy?
No
In which solution does a cell shrink?
Hypertonic
Which organelle makes proteins?
Ribosome
Which two types of cells exist?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What does “selectively permeable” mean?
Allows some things through but not others
What direction does diffusion move?
High → low concentration
In which solution does a cell swell?
Hypotonic
Which organelle controls the cell?
Nucleus
What do all living things have in common?
Made of cells
What is the membrane mostly made of?
Phospholipid bilayer
What type of transport uses proteins but no energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What happens in an isotonic solution?
No net movement of water
Which organelle produces energy (ATP)?
Mitochondria
What does homeostasis mean?
Maintaining stable internal conditions
Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Fatty acid tails
What type of transport requires ATP?
Active transport
What moves during osmosis?
Water
Which organelle packages and ships materials?
Golgi apparatus
Why are cells small?
To maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio
Why can small nonpolar molecules pass easily?
They can move through the hydrophobic interior
Why does active transport need energy?
Moves substances against the concentration gradient
Why does water move across the membrane?
To balance solute concentrations (toward higher solute)
Which organelle breaks down waste?
Lysosome