Store materials like water, salt, protein, and carbohydrates
What are vacuoles?
100
the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is diffusion?
100
the first phase of mitosis
What is prophase?
200
The fluid portion of the chloroplast, outside of the thylakoids
What is the stroma?
200
the process thatreleases energy from food in the presence of O₂
What is cellular respiration?
200
called the protein assemblers
What are the ribosomes?
200
facilitated diffusion
What is the process by which molecules cannot directly diffuse across the membrane and pass through special protein channels?
200
genetic information that is bundled into packages of DNA
What are chromosomes?
300
ATP and NADPH molecules are used to produce high-energy sugars from CO₂
What are light-independent reactions?
300
"sugar-breaking"
What is glycolysis?
300
animals have more of these compared to plants
What are mitochondia?
300
the point at which both sides are equal in strength
What is equilibrium?
300
the phase of mitosis where the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart
What is anaphase?
400
During the light-independent reactions, ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to produce _______
What are high-energy sugars?
400
pyruvic acid is broken down into CO₂in a series of energy-extracting reactions called_________
What is the Krebs cycle?
400
this type of cell does not separate their genetic material (DNA) within a nucleus
What is a prokaryotic cell?
400
A solution with equal strength on both sides of the membrane
What is an isotonic solution?
400
splits one cell into two; completes cell division
What is cytokinesis?
500
The product of 6 CO₂molecules from the atmosphere are combined with six 5-carbon molecules in the first step of the Calvin cycle
What are twelve 3-carbon compounds?
500
the electron transport chain
What is a process that uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP?
500
states that all living things are made up of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells
What is the cell theory?
500
the movement of materials against a concentration difference
**requires energy
What is active transport?
500
a form of asexual reproduction in which indentical cells are produced