Enzymes & Energy
A protein which acts as a catalyst for metabolic reactions.
What is an enzyme?
Inorganic molecules which interact with enzymes by either speeding up or slowing down reaction rate.
What are cofactors?
When cellular processes occur in an oxygen poor environment.
What is anaerobic?
The molecule which is oxidized at the beginning of photophosphorylation by photosystem II
What is water?
The product of anaerobic glycolysis.
What is pyruvate?
Any molecule which reacts with an enzyme's active site.
What is a substrate?
A bonding site on an enzyme other than the active site.
What is an allosteric site?
DNA --> RNA --> Polypeptide
What is the central dogma of biology?
The function of the proteins in the first ETC of photophosphorylation.
What is a proton pump?
The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration through a protein which uses the gradient to create ATP...or other molecules
What is chemiosmosis?
The energy required to move a reaction from energetically unfavorable to energetically favorable.
(This is energy is also conserved when enzymes/catalysts are used)
What is activation energy?
The process in which non-substrate molecules bind with an active site blocking the bonding of the normal substrate?
What is competitive inhibition?
The electron carrying molecule which is created during both fermentation processes.
What is NAD+?
During cyclic photophosphorylation, this electron carrier is not produced.
What is NADPH?
The product of pyruvate and Coenzyme A which is necessary for the Krebs Cycle to function.
What is Acetyl CoA?
The model which states enzyme conformation change alters the substrate conformation enabling faster reactions.
What is the induced fit model?
The bonding of one molecule to an active site creates/opens more active sites for the bonding of additional molecules.
What is cooperativity?
Two step process completed by plants and prokaryotes which produces NAD+ in anaerobic conditions.
What is alcohol fermentation?
A form of photosynthesis in which the light and dark reaction are separated temporally.
What is CAM photosynthesis?
The final electron acceptor in the ETC. Goes to make water.
What is oxygen?
The process of linking exergonic and endergonic reactions to reach energetically favorable reactions.
What is energy coupling?
Inhibition of enzymes by the product of the catalyzed reaction.
What is feedback inhibition?
Differences in macromolecule structure which are environment dependent and can be acted upon by natural selection.
What is molecular variation?
The addition of a carbon molecule to RuBP in order to drive the Calvin Cycle. The first step of the light independent reaction.
What is carbon fixation?
List the products of the Krebs Cycle.
4 NADH
1GTP
1 FADH2
3CO2