ATP
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Write the net equation for cellular respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen --> Water + Carbon dioxide + ATP
The light reactions (aka light-dependent reactions) require high-energy electrons. Where do these electrons come from?
Splitting water ("donated" from water molecules)
What atmospheric gas enters through the stomata of a plant?
Carbon dioxide
Where do the light-dependent reactions occur?
Thylakoid/Thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
Is the hydrolysis of ATP an endergonic or exergonic reaction?
Exergonic
...and it can be coupled to endergonic reactions to make them run!!!
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
Mitochondrial matrix
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
Stroma (of chloroplast)
*Note: students mix up the Calvin cycle and Krebs cycle frequently. During cellular respiration, the Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. During photosynthesis, the Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Where would you expect to find a plant with no stomata?
an aquatic environment
What stage of photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide?
Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions)
The high-energy bonds of GLUCOSE
*when glucose is broken down, the high-energy electrons are collected by NADH & FADH2 and carried to the ETC.
What TWO inputs are required to make the ETC run?
1.) NADH and FADH2
2.) Oxygen (O2)
What TWO products are created during the light reactions that are needed to run the Calvin cycle?
2.) NADPH
What does it mean for a plant cell to have high turgor pressure?
Its central vacuole is filled with water. The plant cell looks "swollen"/turgid.
-When guard cells are turgid, stomata will open.
Draw a graph showing how oxygen consumption in ENDOTHERMS varies with changes in external temperature.
See graph on board (*this was the last question on the cellular respiration lab)
What three components make-up ATP?
1.) Adenine
2.) Ribose (5 carbon sugar)
3.) 3 phosphate groups
What are the NET products created during glycolysis per glucose molecule (must list all THREE products)?
1.) 2 net ATP
2.) 2 pyruvate
3.) 2 NADH
Where are photosystem II and photosystem I located within a plant cell (be specific)?
Thylakoid membrane
List at LEAST two environmental factors that would influence the rate of transpiration in a plant.
1.) Sunny vs cloudy
2.) Humid vs dry
3.) Calm vs windy
Molecular data (like DNA sequences or Amino Acids Sequences)
Describe how the process of chemiosmosis allows for the creation of ATP.
H+ ions travel through ATP synthase down their concentration gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix.
Part 1: During which stage of photosynthesis is oxygen created?
Part 2: More specifically, what molecule does oxygen come from?
Light-dependent reactions
Oxygen is created from H2O when water is split
What light reactant product is created directly after a photon of light excites an electron in photosystem I?
NADPH
What molecule is used to create plant cell walls?
What is the storage form of glucose in plants?
1.) Cellulose (glucose monomers connected by beta bonds)
2.) Starch (glucose monomers connected by alpha bonds)
What is the purpose of lactic acid fermentation?
Regenerate NAD+ (in other words, lactic acid fermentation is the step of anaerobic respiration that converts NADH to NAD+)