Energy and Metabolism
What is metabolism?
What are all the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life?
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
What is the cytoplasm?
What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
What is 6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2?
Where in the chloroplast do light-dependent reactions occur?
What is the thylakoid membrane?
In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?
What is the stroma?
State the first law of thermodynamics.
What is energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed?
What molecule is the end product of glycolysis?
What is pyruvate?
What term describes organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis?
What are autotrophs or photoautotrophs?
What are the names of the two photosystems involved in light-dependent reactions?
What are Photosystem II and Photosystem I?
What enzyme catalyzes carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?
What is RuBisCO?
What type of reaction releases energy and is spontaneous?
What is an exergonic reaction?
Name the organelle where the citric acid cycle takes place.
What is the mitochondrion (specifically the matrix)?
What pigment primarily absorbs light for photosynthesis and gives plants their green color?
What is chlorophyll a?
What molecules carry energy from light-dependent reactions to the Calvin cycle?
What are ATP and NADPH?
What three-carbon molecule is produced by the Calvin cycle and used to form glucose?
What is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)?
What molecule serves as the main energy currency in cells?
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
What are the two main high-energy electron carriers produced in the citric acid cycle?
What are NADH and FADH₂?
Name the two major stages of photosynthesis.
What are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle?
How is the electrochemical gradient used to produce ATP in chloroplasts?
What is chemiosmosis through ATP synthase?
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to produce one glucose molecule?
What is six turns?
Define activation energy in biochemical reactions.
What is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction?
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
What is oxygen?
What process in photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct?
What is the splitting (hydrolysis) of water during light-dependent reactions?
What molecule replaces electrons lost by chlorophyll in Photosystem II?
What is water?
Name two ways enzyme activity may be regulated in cellular metabolism.
What are competitive inhibition and noncompetitive (allosteric) inhibition?