Cell Functions
What is the job of chromosomes in the cell?
Contain genetic information
How do prokaryotes process information (first of 5 fundamental characteristics)?
Genetic information - circular chromosome (1 chromosome)
Environment information – biochemical (enzymes, toxins)
-chemotaxis (movement towards or away from a chemical stimulus)
How do most prokaryotes move?
Flagella (also cilia & slime)
What does amphipathic mean?
Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Which of the Domains are prokaryotes? (Which are eukaryotes?)
Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukarya
Prokaryote - Bacteria, Archaea
Eukaryote - Eukarya
What do lipids regulate in the cell?
selectively permeable membrane barrier
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Binary fission (asexual)
Are the daughter cells identical?
How do chromosomes differ with or without the presence of a nucleus?
No Nucleus – 1 chromosome, circular chromosome shape, and accessory plasmids
Nucleus – 1 or more chromosomes, linear chromosome shape, and no accessory plasmids
What two main structures make up a phospholipid?
A polar head (hydrophilic) and a nonpolar tail (hydrophobic)
What do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common? (Name 2)
Both have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomes
What do nucleic acids regulate in the cell?
store and transmit information
What does “ploidy” refer to?
Number of copies of chromosome sets
Diploid - 2 copies
Haploid - 1 copy
What function do fimbriae perform for the cell?
Help cell to stick to surfaces
What does the plasma membrane do, and what is it made out of?
Separates interior from environment (cell walls) (phospholipid bilayer)
What does the Chemical Evolution Theory suggest about the beginning of life?
Early in Earth’s history, simple chemical compounds combined to form more complex carbon-containing substances before the evolution of life
What role do proteins play in the cell?
Perform cell functions (workers)
What ploidy are asexually reproducing organisms? (What about sexually reproducing organisms?)
Bonus: During what stage of production do we (humans) not follow this?
Asexual – haploid
Sexual – diploid (why is this?)
Bonus: When we are gametes (sperms and eggs are haploid)
What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
Protein factory (making the workers)
What is the structure of the lipid bilayer, and where is it located in the cell?
two layers of amphipathic lipids (Cell Wall)
(heads face out to interact with water [hydrophilic] and the tails face towards each other to avoid interaction with water [hydrophobic])
What does the cell theory state?
Pattern: All organisms are made of cells
Process: All cells come from preexisting cells
Name 2 things carbohydrates do for the cell?
Chemical energy, carbon, support, identity
How do prokaryotes get their nutrition (energy, carbon source, and mode)?
DOUBLE POINTS!
Energy (ATP) – Light, organics, and inorganics
Carbon Source – inorganics and organics
Nutritional mode – photo/chemo auto and photo/chemo hetero
Where are ribosomes located in prokaryote cells? (Where in eukaryotes cells?)
Prokaryotes – free floating in cytosol
Eukaryotes – free floating and bound to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What is a phospholipid bilayer, and why is it important?
cell wall structure
- selective barrier for movement of molecules in and out of the cell
How do plants and animals get their nutrition (energy)?
Plants – Energy (Sun), Carbon Source (CO2), Nutritional Mode (autotroph)
Animals - Energy (Organics), Carbon Source (Organics), Nutritional Mode (heterotroph)