Vocabulary
This type of respiration occurs when oxygen is present
What is aerobic respiration?
This is the term for the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the cristae?
This man is credited with discovering the Citric Acid cycle?
Who is Dr. Hans Krebs?
Give the full equation for cellular respiration
What is 'C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP?'
ADP stands for
What is adenosine diphosphate?
The term 'glycolysis' translates to
What is 'breaking down sugar?'
The Krebs Cycle occurs in this place
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
The term 'heterotroph' translates to
What is 'other energy'
These are the two 'waste' products of aerobic respiration
What are carbon dioxide and water?
The Krebs cycle creates _____ molecules of ATP
What is 2?
This is the final protein on every ETC and its two major jobs on the ETC
What is ATP synthase - serves as an enzyme and a channel (transport) protein on the ETC?
What determines if the mitochondria will be used during cellular respiration?
What is 'the presence of oxygen in the cell?'
In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into _____________________
What is ethyl alcohol/ethanol?
This enzyme is critical to start the citric acid cycle
What is 'Acetyl CoA?'
These organisms are capable of going through photosynthesis AND cellular respiration
What are autotrophs/primary producers?
List the four basic parts of the mitochondria and any part of cellular respiration that occurs there
What is 1) outer membrane, 2) inner membrane (ETC), 3) cristae (ETC), and 4) matrix (Citric acid cycle)?
During aerobic respiration, glucose is converted into __________________ in the ______________ (location); this compound is then converted into _________________ in _____________ (location)
What is 'glucose is converted into pyruvate in the cytoplasm right outside the mitochondria; this compound is then converted into Acetyl CoA in the matrix?'
There is/are ___________ electron carrier(s) used in cellular respiration called:
What is 'two electron carriers; NADH and FADH?'
In aerobic respiration, the ETC is also referred to as
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
In total, aerobic respiration yields a total of _________ molecules of ATP; list each step of cellular respiration and how much ATP are created
What is 38; 1) glycolysis - 2 ATP, 2) Krebs Cycle - 2 ATP, 3) ETC/Oxidative phosphorylation - 34 ATP?
Explain how an electron transport chain works AND list its location during cellular respiration
What is 'the ETC uses energy from electrons to pump H+ against its concentration gradient, when gradient is very steep, H+ diffuses through the protein ATP Synthase, providing energy to turn ADP back into ATP' and it is located on the cristae/inner mitochondrial membrane?
List 1) the three major steps of aerobic respiration, 2) what each step does, and 3) where each step is located:
What is 1) glycolysis (converts glucose to pyruvate; happens in cytoplasm outside mitochondria), 2) Krebs Cycle (harnesses high E electrons to use in step #3, occurs in the mitochondrial matrix), and 3) ETC (uses high E electrons to move H+ against its gradient and produce large amounts of ATP; located on inner mitochondrial membrane)?
List five reasons why all organisms must go through cellular respiration
What is 'to maintain homeostasis, to grow and develop, to reproduce, to respond to stimuli, to metabolize, to adapt and evolve, to pass on traits?'
This pattern is observed in both the chloroplast the mitochondria; explain the significance of this pattern
What is 'both organelles contain series of highly-folded phospholipid bilayers/membranes; this is significant because in both cases, it helps increase SA:V ratio and this allows for more room for chemical reactions, eventually producing more glucose and more ATP?'
Most energy pyramids have a maximum of _______ trophic levels; this is because:
What is '4-5 trophic levels; because the amount of energy in an ecosystem is finite and there isn't enough energy available to support more than 5 trophic levels in most ecosystems?'