Products and Reactants
What is the input of pyruvate oxidation?
2 pyruvates
What is the product of lactic acid fermentation?
2 Lactate
When in cellular respiration does glycolysis occur?
First step
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
The mitochondrial matrix
Whats the final e- acceptor in the ETC?
Oxygen
What output of pyruvate oxidation is the input of the Krebs cycle?
2 Acetyl CoA
When does lactic acid fermentation occur in humans?
When there is a lack of O2 typically due to overexertion or exercise
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
What happens to the pyruvate to transform it to acetyl CoA?
It is oxidized
Where is the ETC located?
Inter-membrane of the mitochondria (Cristae = more surface area)
What does oxidative phosphorylation form?
26-28 ATP
How much ATP is produced in fermentation reactions?
2 ATP
One glucose is a __-C molecule and breaks into __ pyruvates which are __-C molecules
One glucose is a 6-C molecule and breaks into 2 pyruvates which are 3-C molecules
What is a by-product of the Krebs cycle?
CO2
How does the ETC utilize the H+ gradient?
Using diffusion, the H+ ions go through ATP synthase
What are the products of the citric acid cycle?
4 CO2
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
What step of cellular respiration is fermentation an extension of?
Glycolysis
Explain the energy payoff stage (second stage)
Energy is produced by substrate level phosphorylation resulting in 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose molecule
What are the 3 types of energy produced in the Krebs cycle?
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
What are the e-s function in the ETC?
They produce energy to power ATP synthase and eventually bond with H+ ions to form H2O)
What is the total amount of ATP produced in cellular respiration? (It is a range)
Typically 30-32 ATP, but there can be variability between organisms
What are the final options for an e- acceptor in anaerobic respiration? (Not O2)
Sulfates or nitrates
Explain the energy investment stage (first stage)
Cell first uses ATP to phosphorylate compounds of glucose
Why would a pyruvate not enter the mitochondria to engage in its oxidation?
If no O2 is present it will stay in cytosol for fermentation
What two molecules does the ETC get its e-s from?
NADH and FADH2