Metabolism Basics
This type of metabolism requires an input of energy to build large molecules.
What is anabolism?
The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in this part of the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
Pyruvate is converted into this molecule before entering the citric acid cycle.
What is Acetyl-CoA?
The electron transport chain takes place in this part of the mitochondria.
What are the cristae (inner mitochondrial membrane)?
This enzyme allows protons (H⁺) to flow back across the membrane.
This type of metabolism releases energy by breaking down large molecules.
What is catabolism?
Glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose into these two 3-carbon molecules.
What are two pyruvate molecules?
The citric acid cycle is considered a CYCLE for this reason.
How is oxaloacetic acid regenerated from citric acid?
Electrons from NADH and FADH₂ are ultimately transferred to this molecule.
What is oxygen (O₂)?
The movement of H⁺ down its concentration gradient to produce ATP is explained by this theory.
What is the Chemiosmotic Theory?
Complete catabolism of glucose requires this molecule as the final electron acceptor.
What is oxygen (O₂)?
The net ATP gain from glycolysis is this number.
What is 2 ATP?
There is an organic waste product for each turn of the cycle, producing 4 total molecules (2 each spin).
What is carbon dioxide?
Energy released during electron transport is used to power these structures.
What are proton pumps?
The proton gradient is created between the mitochondrial matrix and this space.
What is the intermembrane space?
Energy-releasing pathways that involve oxidation-reduction reactions are classified as this type of metabolism.
What is catabolic metabolism?
Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration, but is considered the "anaerobic" step. There is a component not needed in this step, but needed in the rest of the process of cellular respiration to be considered "aerobic".
What is oxygen?
For each turn of the citric acid cycle, this many NADH molecules are produced.
What are 3 NADH?
There are specific molecules that accept electrons from NADH and FADH2 in the cristae.
What are FMN, coenzyme ,Q and cytochromes?
The process of making ATP using energy from electron transport is called this.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Cellular respiration is considered multi-step and this, meaning it can run in opposite directions under certain conditions.
What is bidirectional?
This is the way NADH, an electron carrier, is produced during Glycolysis.
What is a reduction reaction?
Acetyl-CoA combines with this molecule to begin the citric acid cycle.
What is oxaloacetic acid?
The oxidized forms of NADH and FADH₂ that are recycled after electron donation are these molecules.
What are NAD⁺ and FAD?
This overall process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain which produces the majority of ATP during Cellular Respiration.
What is aerobic cellular respiration?