Glycolysis
The location where glycolysis occurs
What is the Cytoplasm?
The location of the ETC (Electron Transport Chain)
What is the Inner Mitochondria Membrane?
The location of pyruvate oxidation
What is the Mitochondrial Matrix?
The location of the Krebs Cycle
What is the purpose of fermentation?
What is to regenerate NAD+?
The phases of glycolysis and their associated ATP (used/produced)
What is the energy investment phase (2 ATP used) and the energy production phase (4 ATP produced)
Protons flow down their concentration gradient from ______ to ______ (locations).
What is the Inner Membrane Space and Mitochondrial Matrix?
The molecule released during pyruvate oxidation
What is CO2?
The number of turns of the TCA cycle per glucose molecule
What is 2 turns?
The conditions in which we do fermentation
What is Anaerobic Conditions?
The type of ATP production (substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation)
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
The final electron acceptor.
What is O2?
The energy output (ATP) of pyruvate oxidation
What is nothing (ATP is not produced here)?
The electron carriers are transported to ________.
What is the ETC?
The location of fermentation
What is the Cytoplasm?
The next step in aerobic conditions
The next step in anaerobic conditions
Aerobic: Into the mitochondria
Anaerobic: Fermentation
The inputs & outputs of oxidative phosphorylation
What is
Inputs: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, O2
Outputs: 32 ATP, H2O (10 NAD+, 2 FAD)
The reduction & oxidation reactions of pyruvate oxidation
What is
Reduction: NAD+ → NADH
Oxidation: Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA
The inputs & outputs of the Krebs Cycle per glucose molecule
What is
Inputs: 2 Acetyl CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, 2 ADP+Pi
Outputs: 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
Humans undergo _______ fermentation in anaerobic conditions
What is lactic acid fermentation?
The inputs & outputs of glycolysis
What is
Inputs: Glucose, 2 NAD+
Outputs: 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 Net ATP
The reduction & oxidation reactions of oxidative phosphorylation
What is
Oxidation: NADH → NAD+ ; FADH2 → FAD
Reduction: O2 → H2O
The inputs & outputs of pyruvate oxidation
What are
Inputs: 2 Pyruvate, 2 NAD+, & 2 CoA-SH
Outputs: 2 NADH, 2 CO2, & 2 Acetyl CoA per glucose?
Name an activator and an inhibitor of the Krebs Cycle
What is
Activator: ADP
Inhibitor: ATP, NADH, Succinyl CoA (enzyme)
Acetaldehyde is an intermediate and CO2 is released in this process.
What is alcohol (ethanol) fermentation?