Glycolysis
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What molecule is produced at the end of glycolysis and enters pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
Mitochondiral matrix
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
When does fermentation occur?
When oxygen is unavaliable
What molecule is broken down during glycolysis?
Glucose
Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?
What molecule enters the Krebs cycle after pyruvate oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA
What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
Oxygen
What is the purpose of fermentation?
To allow glycolysis to continue producing ATP
How many net ATP are produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP
What molecule is released as waste during pyruvate oxidation?
Carbon dioxide
What are the main high-energy electron carriers produced during the Krebs cycle?
NADH and FADH2
What is the main function of the electron transport chain?
To produce large amounts of ATP
What molecule is regenerated during fermentation?
NAD+
What electron carrier is produced during glycolysis?
What electron carrier gains energy during pyruvate oxidation
NADH
Because the starting molecule (oxaloacetate) is regenerated at the end
How do hydrogen ions help produce ATP during the ETC?
They flow through ATP synthase to power ATP production
Why does fermentation produce much less ATP than aerobic respiration?
It only uses glycolysis and skips the Krebs Cycle and ETC
What is the final product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What molecule is produced and sent into the Krebs cycle after pyruvate oxidation?
Acetly-CoA
How does the Krebs cycle contribute to ATP production if it produces very little ATP directly?
It generates NADH and FADH2, which carry electrons to the ETC where most ATP is produced
Why would ATP production drastically decrease if the inner mitochondrial membrane became damaged?
The proton gradient and ETC would not function properly, preventing ATP synthase from producing ATP
Why is regenerating NAD+ essential for glycolysis to continue during fermentation?
Glycolysis requires NAD+ to accept electrons, and without it ATP production would stop