Stages of Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Energy from Food
The "Powerhouse" Of the Cell
Adenosine Triphosphate?
100
Glycolysis literally means "________ ________."
glucose breaking, Glycolysis breaks the 6-carbon glucose molecule in half, converting it into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules.
100
True or False - Plants undergo cellular respiration.
true, Plants, like all living things, must break down food (glucose) and get the energy out.
100
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called __________.
autotrophs, producers, Plants undergo photosynthesis to make their own food.
100
Which cell structure is often called the "powerhouse of the cell" because of its involvement in the extraction of chemical energy from food?
mitochondrion, mitochondria, The mitochondrion is where food is converted to usable energy.
100
What abbreviation do we use for the molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate?
ATP, ATP is the major molecule the carries "usable" energy for the cell.
200
In order to "kick start" the process of glycolysis, an initial input of ______ ATP molecules is required.
2, two
200
Respiration without oxygen is called ____________ respiration.
anaerobic, "Anaerobic" means "without oxygen." This process is also called "fermentation."
200
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called __________.
heterotrophs, consumers, Animals are heterotrophs because they must consume food to get energy.
200
When oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the ________ ________.
Krebs cycle, This cycle was named after Hans A. Krebs, who discovered it in 1937.
200
Complete the following statement: ATP = _____ + P
ADP, ATP is formed when a phosphate group is added to ADP during respiration.
300
Which of the three major stages of aerobic cellular respiration DOES NOT produce the electron carrier NADH? 1. glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. electron transport chain and ATP synthase
In step 3, NADH transfers electrons from the original glucose molecule to the electron transport chain.
300
Which process, [anaerobic respiration] or [aerobic respiration], extracts more chemical energy from a glucose molecule?
aerobic respiration, Aerobic respiration releases enough energy to make 38 ATP. Anaerobic respiration only produces 2 ATP.
300
Name one product of cellular respiration.
carbon dioxide [CO2], water [H2O], energy [ATP]
300
Which of the three major stages of cellular respiration DOES NOT take place in the mitochondrion? 1. glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. electron transport chain and ATP synthase action
1, Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
300
ATP consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and ___ phosphate groups.
3, three, Energy is stored in the bonds between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups.
400
This is the stage of cell respiration where NAD and FAD carry Hydrogens to the ETC.
Krebs Cycle
400
When oxygen is present, cellular respiration yields a total of ______ ATP
38, thirty-eight, Produced in glycolysis (2), the Krebs Cycle (2) and the Electron Transport Chain (34).
400
Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as cellular respiration is to the __________.
mitochondrion, The mitochondrion houses respiration, just as the chloroplast houses photosynthesis.
400
Which of the three major stages of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? (Enter the number--see below) 1. glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. electron transport chain and ATP synthase action
3, The electron transport chain and ATP synthase action produces 34 total ATP.
400
Is ATP used for [long-term] or [short-term] energy storage?
short-term, The ATP molecule can be used immediately any time energy is needed in the cell.
500
What of the three major stages of aerobic cellular respiration involves the facilitated diffusion of hydrogen ions? 1. glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. electron transport system
3, electron transport system, Hydrogen ions pass across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion through transport proteins called "ATP synthase."
500
Which type of cells would most likely experience an increase in the production of ATP while you run laps in gym? (see below) -brain cells -leg muscle cells -reproductive cells
leg muscle cells, Your leg muscle cells would respire faster to replace the energy consumed by running.
500
What process is used by all living organisms to begin the breakdown of glucose regardless of the presence of oxygen or not?
Glycolysis
500
Out of the 38 ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule in aerobic cellular respiration, how many are actually produced inside the mitochondrion?
36, thirty-six, The other two come from glycolysis in the cytoplasm.
500
Energy is released from ATP when a ___________ is removed. (see below) -adenine base -ribose sugar -phosphate group
phosphate group, When the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate is broken, usable energy is released.