Water
Water is described as a ______ molecule.
Water is a POLAR molecule.
Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules.
Adhesion is the attraction between water and other molecules.
What are the three elements that are ALWAYS in lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sometimes phosphorus is found in lipids (like in the phospholipids)
What is one of the main functions of the cell membrane? Make sure to include the term used to describe the cell membrane.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable which means the cell membrane helps to control what can enter and leave the cell.
Which of the following is NOT an organic compound:
Fats
Proteins
Water
Water
Remember, the four main organic compounds are our MACROMOLECULES
Water is polar. Therefore, does it dissolve other polar molecules or non-polar molecules?
Polar molecules. "Like dissolves like"
Describe why water is called the universal solvent.
Water is polar can dissolve any charged substance such as other polar molecules and ionic compounds.
Describe how you can recognize a lipid. HINT: What kind of atoms are present and in what amounts.
In lipids there are LOTS more carbon and hydrogen and only a few oxygen.
What are the four types of lipids?
Triglyceride
Phospoholipid
Steroid
Waxes
Identify and describe the type of bond found between the oxygen and hydrogen molecules that make up water.
Polar covalent bonds are found between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
Polar covalent + electrons are shared unequally and spend more time around the oxygen creating charged regions on the oxygen and hydrogen.
Capillary action involves the water molecules clinging to each other (cohesion) and "crawling" up the tissue of the plants (adhesion).
What are the two building blocks that make up lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane.
Cholesterol is a type of lipid found in the fatty acid tails of the cell membrane that keeps the fatty acid tails from sticking together and helps keep the membrane fluid.
Describe the difference between a polar covalent bond and a hydrogen bond.
A polar covalent bond is found between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms that make up a water molecule while a hydrogen bond is an attraction between water molecules.
Describe what it means for a molecule to be hydrophobic.
Hydrophobic means "water fearing" and the molecule does not like water.
Why does water help to keep the temperature on Earth stable?
Water is resistant to changes in temperature because heat must first go into breaking the hydrogen bonds.
What is the function of triglycerides.
This type of lipid provides cells with long term energy, insulation, and protection.
What is a glycoprotein? Make sure to include the structure and fucntion.
A glycoprotein is a protein in the membrane that has a sugar or carbohydrate attached. A glycoprotein acts like a name tag and helps with cell-to-cell recognition.
A receptor protein has a place where a molecule can mind to signal the cell to do something.
What kind of bond gives water its unique properties.
Hydrogen bonds
Why does ice float?
When water freezes the water molecules expand creating pockets of air that make ice less dense (lighter) than water.
Give TWO examples of a steroid.
Cholesterol
Estrogen
Testosterone
What is the difference between a transport channel protein and a carrier protein.
A channel protein has a "pore" or channel that material passes through while a transport carrier protein changes shape to move material through the membrane.
What are fatty acids made of?
Fatty acids are made of long chains of carbon and hydrogen.