Steel
Annealing, quenching, and tempering.
What are heat treatments for steel?
The critical ratio that significantly affects the final expected strength of concrete.
What is water/cement ratio?
Category of wood typically used in U.S. construction lumber.
What is softwood?
This environmental metric, typically measured in MJ/kg or kWh/kg, quantifies the total energy required to extract, process, and deliver a construction material.
What is embodied energy?
1 foot x 1 foot x 1 inch.
What is a board foot?
A unit cell configuration with two equivalent atoms.
What is a Body Centered Cubic?
The amorphous binder that provides concrete’s strength.
What is Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH)?
The limiting moisture content above which changes in moisture content do not affect the strength or size of wood.
What is the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP)?
Accounts for approximately 25% of all solid waste in the U.S.
What is construction debris?
The point where 100% of an insoluble material transitions from liquid to solid.
What is the eutectic point?
Low-Temperature Ferrite, High-Temperature Ferrite, and Austenite.
What are the allotropes of iron?
Admixture that can improve concrete workability or reduce the required cement quantity.
What are water reducers?
The least stable direction, with respect to the annual rings, of size change due to shrinkage and swelling.
What is tangential?
1. Produced locally or regionally
2. Renewable resources
3. Little waste, low embodied energy & low environmental impact
4. Energy efficient
5. Durable
6. Suitable for reuse or recycling
7. Positive social impact
8. Affordable
What are characteristics of sustainable materials?
The strongest orientation and direction of loading in clear lumber.
What is tension parallel to grain?
The crystalline structure defect that must be present for plastic slip to occur.
What is a Line Defect?
The preferred moisture state for aggregate in a concrete mix design.
What is Saturated Surface Dry?
The cells in softwoods that provide all the compressive strength.
What are tracheids?
30 to 70 years.
What is the number of years before a softwood tree can be harvested for lumber?
The loss of workability in concrete.
What is setting?
The feathery, needlelike structure of ferrite and cementite.
What is Bainite?
The cement ingredient that offsets the rapid hydration of tricalcium aluminates, C3A.
What is Gypsum?
Cutting boards this way results in wide, inexpensive planks — but beware: they tend to shrink the most across the grain and are most likely to warp with changes in moisture.
What is plain-sawn lumber?
Naturally occurring materials or industrial by-products that react with Calcium Hydroxide to form Calcium Silicate Hydrate.
What are pozzolans?
Formed at high cooling rates, this hard, brittle phase of steel has a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) structure and results from trapped carbon in distorted lattice positions.
What is martensite?