Helicase, Please!
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork.
What is helicase?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in this direction.
What is 5’ to 3’?
The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
What is RNA polymerase?
The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
What is a codon?
This phase of the cell cycle is when DNA replication occurs.
What is S-phase?
DNA replication is described as this because each daughter molecule contains one original strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions; this arrangement is called this.
What is antiparallel?
The DNA strand used to make mRNA is called this.
What is the template strand?
The molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
This phase of mitosis is when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
The short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand are called these.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The grouping of 3 bases on mRNA are the ____ and the grouping of 3 bases on tRNA are the ____.
What are codon, anticodon?
In RNA, thymine is replaced with this nitrogenous base.
What is uracil?
The site of protein synthesis in the cell.
What is the ribosome?
This structure holds sister chromatids together until they are separated.
What is the centromere?
This enzyme replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides.
What is DNA polymerase?
The nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in DNA.
What is thymine?
In eukaryotes, these noncoding regions are removed before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
What are introns?
The codon that signals the start of translation.
What is AUG (methionine)?
DNA replication must occur before this major event in the cell cycle to ensure genetic continuity.
What is mitosis?
This enzyme seals breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone after replication.
What is DNA ligase?
The structural feature that explains why one strand replicates continuously and the other discontinuously.
What is antiparallel orientation (or opposite strand polarity)?
This sequence in DNA signals RNA polymerase where transcription should begin.
What is a promoter?
A mutation that changes one amino acid but not the overall reading frame is called this.
What is missense?
This checkpoint ensures that DNA has been fully and accurately replicated before the cell enters mitosis.
What is the G2 checkpoint?