DNA
The term that describes the structure of DNA.
What is a double helix?
DNA is double stranded, whereas RNA is single stranded.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
Amino acids.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
The nucleus.
Where does transcription occur?
The cytoplasm.
Where does translation occur?
A phosphate group linked to a nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleoside?
The strand of mRNA that results from transcription.
What is a transcript?
Peptide bond.
What kind of bond connects two amino acids in a protein?
A protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
What are transcription factors?
AUG (Met).
What is the start codon?
A phosphate group linked to a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide?
From 5' to 3'.
In which direction is RNA built?
Titin.
What is the largest protein in the human body?
This molecule binds to DNA, separates the strands, then uses one of the strands as a template off of which an RNA transcript is built.
What is RNA polymerase?
UAA, UAG, UGA.
What are the stop codons?
A promoter sequence on DNA consisting mostly of thymine and adenosine; defines the direction of transcription; the place where transcription factors bind.
What is the TATA box?
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.
Amino acids that we cannot synthesize fast enough to supply our biological processes, and therefore must be consumed in our diet.
What are essential amino acids?
Initiation, elongation, termination.
What are the three stages of transcription?
A (aminoacyl site), P (peptidyl site), and E (exit site).
What are the three sites on the ribosomal subunit?
The term that describes the two strands of DNA running parallel to each other, but in opposite directions (3'-5' and 5'-3').
What is antiparallel?
tRNA (transfer RNA).
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
The relationship between the shape, size, and structure of an organism, and how that structure allows for actions that aid the organism in survival.
What is structure and function?
The RNA editing process which removes the non-coding sections of RNA and joins together the coding sections of RNA.
What is intron splicing?
A protein that allows for the termination of translation by recognizing the termination codon or stop codon in an mRNA sequence.
What are release factors?