DNA
Where in the cell is DNA located?
Nucleus
How is the RNA molecule different-appearing from the DNA molecule?
RNA is single stranded
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
Cell reproduction requires it
What type of RNA is involved in transcription?
mRNA
Where does translation take place? (be specific)
Ribosomes
On what molecule does a gene mutation originate?
DNA
DNA has a shape resembling a spiral staircase - give the better term.
Double Helix
What are 3 types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
Because C binds only with G and T binds only with A, we say that these bases are ___ to each other.
Complementary
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
What is the final result of translation?
A protein (or polypeptide)
One base is substituted for another but the amino acid does not change.
silent mutation
What is a segment of DNA that has the code for one entire protein?
Gene
What nitrogen base is found in RNA only?
Uracil
When in the cell cycle does DNA get replicated?
S-phase
What is the name for three consecutive bases on a mRNA molecule?
codon
What does tRNA leave behind when it leaves the ribosome?
one of the 20 different amino acids.
A base is removed from the gene.
deletion
What nitrogen base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Thymine
What is RNA able to do that DNA is not able to do?
Leave the nucleus
Name the enzyme that unzips the DNA molecule between the bases prior to replication
Helicase
What is the instruction given by the amino acid methionine?
Start
A tRNA has three consecutive base on one end. What do we call this?
An anticodon.
How does an insertion mutation affect the polypeptide that results?
all codons downstream of the insertion are changed, therefore all the corresponding amino acids are changed.
What is a single building block of DNA called, and how is it different from a building block of RNA?
It is called a nucleotide, and it has a different sugar - deoxyribose (alternatively, thymine can be mentioned.)
Name the sugar in the RNA molecule
Ribose
When DNA replication is complete, each resulting DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand. We learned a word for this (means "half saved")
Semiconservative
What enzyme helps unzip DNA at a gene and assists with attaching mRNA nucleotides?
RNA polymerase
This principle states that genetic information travels from DNA to RNA to protein.
The Central Dogma
Distinguish between a nonsense and a missense mutation.
Nonsense mutations stop translation early. Missense mutations change one amino acid in the polypeptide.