Show:
Structure and Function of DNA
DNA Replication
RNA and Transcription
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100

What shape is DNA?

Double Helix

100

The complementary DNA strand of: CAAGTA

What is GTTCAT?

100

A single stranded piece of a DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on its RNA transcript?

UGACUC

100

This process turns mRNA into a protein.

Translation.

100

What is a mutation? Name 2 environmental factors can cause a mutation.

Any change to an organism's nucleotide sequence in DNA/Genome. Environmental factors: chemicals, radiation, sun/UV, Thymine dimers, Free radicals, carcinogens & viruses

200

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

Nitrogenous Base

200
What is the end product of DNA replication (be very specific!)
Two new molecules of DNA, each is identical to each other and to the original molecule.
200

Transcription: What does it make? What enzyme makes the product? Where does it take place?

mRNA. RNA polymerase. Nucleus.

200

This process uses DNA to make/code for a strand of mRNA. 

Transcription

200

What is a point mutation? Give 2 examples 

A mutation that causes a change in one base/nucleotide in the DNA sequence. Substitution, Insertion, Deletion. 

300

What do we call the monomers of DNA? What are its 3 parts? 

Nucleotide: phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), base (A, C, T, or G). 

300

Which DNA nucleotide bases pair with one another?

Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine


300

You start with 100 bases. There is 30% Guanine. How much Thymine is there?

20% Thymine

300

What are the monomers of protein called?

Amino Acids

300

What is a chromosomal mutation? Give an example.

Alterations to a piece of a chromosome or a whole chromosome [e.g., Down syndrome (3 chromosome #21)]

400

Describe the function/purpose of DNA in organisms. What is a gene?

It acts as a blueprint for your genes. A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that acts as a recipe for a specific protein.

400
Why is DNA replication called a "semi-conservative" process?
DNA replication is "semi-conservative" because each new molecule of DNA has one original strand and one newly synthesized strand (it is half conserved, or half saved)
400

Name the three different types of RNA and describe the function of each of them.

mRNA: delivers a copy version of a DNA gene from the nucleus to the ribosome. tRNA: transfers the amino acids to the ribosome. rRNA: part of the ribosome.

400

What cell organelle makes protein? 

Ribosomes

400

What is the following mutation?

Original: TAC CGG ACG TTT GCG

mRNA:   AUG GCC UGC AAA CGC

Amino Acids: met ala cys lys arg


Mutation: TAC CGG ACG TTT GCG

mRNA:   AUG GCC UGA AAA CGC

Amino: Met Ala STOP ___ ____

Substitution mutation

500
One DNA strand has a base sequence GTCCATA. The base sequence on the second strand of DNA is...
CAGGTAT
500

Name the major enzyme involved in DNA replication and describe its function.

DNA polymerase: makes DNA by adding complementary bases to the other side of each of the original strands.

500

Describe 3 differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA: deoxyribose, thymine, double-stranded, made by DNA replication. RNA: ribose, uracil, single-stranded, made by transcription.

500

What is an anti-codon? What is its purpose?

A 3 nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that matches to a specific mRNA codon. When a tRNA finds a matching mRNA codon (with the ribosomes help), it drops off the attached amino acid to be used in protein.

500

Are all mutations harmful? If not, give a counter example.

Helpful mutations: having ONE sickle cell gene makes you immune to the parasite that causes malaria. Neutral mutations: blue eyes