DNA + Genes
_______ contain(s) instructions to make proteins, which do important jobs in every cell.
A) DNA
B) Codon Charts
C) Genes
D) Chromosomes
C) Genes
(most specific answer)
Which molecule acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes?
a) tRNA
b) mRNA
c) rRNA
d) DNA
b, mRNA
The point of translation is to produce ______ from ______.
proteins, mRNA
DNA is made up of repeating small parts called __________. Each one has a specific ______, which determines the message of the DNA code.
Nucleotide, base
Which enzyme is responsible for creating mRNA during transcription?
RNA Polymerase
A __________ is a 3-letter segment of mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
Codon
What is the best definition of an mutation?
a) A different version of a chromosome
b) an issue with the X or Y chromsome
c) a disease that causes bad health
d) A change in the DNA code
D
The base __________ in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in mRNA.
Thymine
A completed chain of amino acids is called a ____________ chain.
polypeptide
Name the four DNA bases (full names)
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Here is a sample of DNA:
Template Strand: TACCAGGTA
Fill in the coding strand and mRNA correctly.
Coding Strand: ATGGTCCAT
mRNA: AUGGUCCAU
What is the first codon that signals the start of protein synthesis?
AUG
Explain why Straddi looks different from his brother Heath, using terms from molecular biology. The best, most complete answer wins!
Straddi has mutation in both copies of his TRYP1 gene, called the chocolate mutation. This means that there is a difference in the base pairs of his DNA at that location on his chromosome. During transcription, that change in letters is passed into mRNA, and then a different amino acid is put in place during translation. As a result, the protein that makes eumelanin (which allows cells to produce a black pigment) is the wrong shape (because it has the wrong amino acids) and does not work. As a result, Straddi cannot produce the color black anywhere on his body, while Heath can.
In which part of a eukaryotic cell does the process of transcription occur?
Nucleus
Fill in the blanks.
mRNA codon: CAG
What is the correct
a) anticodon?
b) amino acid?
a) GUC
b) Gln