History + Scientists
What key discovery did Thomas Hunt Morgan make about genes and chromosomes?
That genes have a location on chromosomes.
A) DNA
B) Codon Charts
C) Genes
D) Chromosomes
C) Genes
(most specific answer)
Which molecule acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes?
a) tRNA
b) mRNA
c) rRNA
d) DNA
b, mRNA
proteins, mRNA
During gel electrophoresis, DNA pieces separate based on....
a) Their charge
b) Their complexity
c) Their bases
d) Their size
D, their size
What do we now call the "transforming principle" that Griffith observed in his bacterial experiments?
DNA
DNA is made up of repeating small parts called __________. Each one has a specific ______, which determines the message of the DNA code.
Nucleotide, base
Which enzyme is responsible for creating mRNA during transcription?
A __________ is a 3-letter segment of mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
Codon
What is the primary function of the surface proteins (antigens) found on a virus's protein coat?
a) To produce energy for the virus.
b) To recognize and bind to specific receptor molecules on a host cell.
c) To make copies of the viral genome
d) To help the virus mutate to infect new hosts
B
What specific question were Hershey and Chase trying to answer in their groundbreaking 1952 experiment?
Whether DNA or Proteins were the carrier of genetic information
a) A different version of a chromosome
b) a different version of a gene
c) a mutation that causes a change in health
d) A change in the DNA code
B
The base __________ in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in mRNA.
Thymine
A completed chain of amino acids is called a ____________ chain.
polypeptide
In the context of our viral genomics lab, what would be considered a "false negative"? Give an example
Someone who has either the flu or NIQV who tests negative for it
This scientists analyzed pus-covered bandages and discovered a new substance, which he called _______. Who is the scientist and what was the name?
Miescher, nuclein
Name the four DNA bases (full names)
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Here is a sample of DNA:
Template Strand: TACCAGGTA
Fill in the coding strand and mRNA correctly.
Coding Strand: ATGGTCCAT
mRNA: AUGGUCCAU
What is the first codon that signals the start of protein synthesis?
AUG
What are the three main reasons why viruses are able to evolve much more rapidly than animals or plants?
2. They reproduce extremely fast and make a ton of copies when they reproduce
3. They are very error prone (have a lot of mutations)
What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to create Photo 51, the clearest photo of the structure of DNA?
X-ray Crystallography
Explain why Straddi looks different from his brother Heath, using terms from molecular biology. The best, most complete answer wins!
Straddi has mutation in both copies of his TRYP1 gene, called the chocolate mutation. This means that there is a difference in the base pairs of his DNA at that location on his chromosome. During transcription, that change in letters is passed into mRNA, and then a different amino acid is put in place during translation. As a result, the protein that makes eumelanin (which allows cells to produce a black pigment) is the wrong shape (because it has the wrong amino acids) and does not work. As a result, Straddi cannot produce the color black anywhere on his body, while Heath can.
HONORS VERSION:
Name three things to mRNA during post-transcription processing.
REGULAR VERSION:
In which part of a eukaryotic cell does the process of transcription occur?
Honors:
1. Intros are removed.
2. Poly-A 3' tail added.
3. 5' cap added
Regular:
Nucleus
Fill in the blanks.
mRNA codon: CAG
What is the correct
a) anticodon?
b) amino acid?
a) GUC
b) Gln
New scenario:
A group of marine biologists has discovered a new virus, "S-22," affecting sea turtle populations. To track the virus, they use a molecular test similar to the one you used in class. They target three specific DNA sequences:
A Turtle Control Gene: A 600 bp segment of the turtle's own DNA.
Viral Gene A: A 300 bp segment found only in the active S-22 virus.
Viral Gene B: A 100 bp segment found in a common, harmless marine virus.
Draw what you would expect to see the results to look like for a turtle suffering from the S-22 virus. Include a ladder as a key.
A band at 300 (viral gene S-22)
A band at 600 (turtle DNA, control.)