Brain Structure & Development
What are the 3 main brain vesicles that form at 3-4 weeks of embryonic development?
Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon
What are the 4 main parts of the brain?
Brain stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and Cerebrum
Name the 3 meninges that cover the brain
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and Pia Mater
What are the 4 functions of the spinal cord?
Conduction, Neural, Integration, Locomotion Reflexes
Which part of the brain regulates sleep, taste, and sensory signals like touch and temperature?
Thalamus
At 5 weeks, which vesicle helps rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus?
Diencephalon
Which part of the brain connects to the spinal cord and controls autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate?
Medulla Oblongata
Which meningeal layer is fused to the skull and highly vascular?
Outer periosteal layer of the Dura Mater
How long is the spinal cord and where does it end?
18 inches long and ends around vertebra L1
Which structure connects the nervous system to the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus (thru the pituitary gland)
What arteries supply the brain with blood?
Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
What part of the brain is responsible for coordination, balance, and attention span?
Cerebellum
What are the three projections of the Dura Mater?
Flax cerebri, Falx cerebelli, and Tentorium cerebelli
Which part of the spinal cord contains myelin?
The white matter
Which hormone does the pineal gland secrete, and what is the result?
Melatonin and induces sleep
What structure protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood?
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Which structure connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum and cerebellum?
Corpus Callosum
What are the 3 main functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
Buoyancy, Protection, and Chemical Stability
What are the 3 layers of meninges around the spinal cord, from outermost to innermost?
Dura mater - Arachnoid mater - Pia mater
What are the 3 forms of memory, and how long does each last?
Immediate (seconds), Short-term (seconds-hours), Long-term (years to lifetime)
What percent of the bodys supply does the brain receive?
Approximately 20%
What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, and Insula
Name the 4 ventricles of the brain
Lateral, Third, Cerebral Aqueduct, and Fourth ventricles
At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
Lumbar vertebra L1
What is the difference between procedural and declarative long-term memory?
Procedural= "how to" skills
Declarative= factual information