Definition, etiology and pathophysiology, Classification
A child with CP that is presenting with dyskinetic movement abnormality most likely has?
Basal Ganglia involvement
Cerebellar involvement
Global brain damage
Motor cortex/ white matter lesions
Which of the following matches with a diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy?
Progressive
Often fatal
Non-progressive
Reversible
What type of gait pattern would you expect from a patient with CP?
Festinating gait
Antalgic gait
Scissor gait
Hand to knee gait
The following are all motor learning based approaches except
CIMT constraint induced movement therapy
HABIT hand arm bimanual intensive training
HABIT-ILE HABIT including LE
FES functional electrical stimulation
Which of the following is LESS LIKELY to be found in a pediatric PT gym
Physio ball
Bolsters
Scooter board
Ultrasound
CP can be classified in the following ways
Topographically
Location of impairment
Function
All of the above
Which of the following is not a clinical finding in a child with CP?
Spasticity
Ataxia
Tremors
Contractures
If independent sitting is not achieved by this age, there is very little chance of achieving
functional independent walking later on
Age 1
Age 3
Age 4
Age 5
Originally known as the Bobath approach, this treatment was Initially based on neuromaturation theory and has evolved over the years with a shift towards function
CIMT
HABIT
NDT
MMT
With a child CP patient who is a GMFCS level 3 which tool would you use to work on postural
control in the PT gym?
Balance board
Physioball
Bolster
B and C are correct
None of the above
According to the Gross Motor Function Classification System, if an individual with CP
needs to be transported via a manual wheelchair, they are most likely in which level?
I
II
V
VI
What is the focus of GMFCS?
To tell you what exactly your child’s impairments consist of
Identifies gross and fine motor skills
Determines your child’s present abilities and limitation in gross motor function
To determine a prognosis for your child
You have a child that utilizes a handheld mobility device or self-propelled wheelchair. The child requires assistance while ascending and descending stairs. Which GMFCS level are they, and what category would they receive low scores on the GMFM?
GMFCS IV; lying and rolling
GMFCS I; crawling and kneeling
GMFCS III; standing
GMFCS I; sitting
When is a ball toss/catch with a child with CP NOT appropriate?
Cognitive delays are present
Increased muscle weakness in the UE’s
Severe flexor synergy in one arm
Which piece of equipment would be most likely used with a GMFCS level II patient to improve LE mobility and strength?
Stairs with handrails for UE support
Balance beam
Stairs without any railing
Balance board
Out of the impairments listed which one does NOT lead to in-toeing/scissor gait?
Pelvic Rotation
Tibial Torsion
Hip Anteversion
Restricted Gastroc
Why is the Ashworth scale a difficult tool to use while assessing tone in younger children with CP?
It is difficult for a young child to understand two step instructions
It is difficult for a young child to be completely relaxed during testing
The Ashworth scale is not used to assess tone
Because the neuroplasticity window closes near age 6
Jared is a 6-year-old presenting to your clinic with a diagnosis of CP. He is able to walk
in most settings and utilizes handrails when navigating stairs. He presents with difficulty
running and jumping, which GMFCS level would most likely be categorized as:
Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
All of the following are the benefits of hippotherapy for children with CP EXCEPT
Increased ROM
Promotion of relaxation
Increasing proximal control
Decrease spasticity
When a child is seated on a physioball for seated dynamic stability exercises where should the therapist position themselves?
Kneeling behind them
Kneeling on the child's side
Standing behind them
Which of the following is NOT a perinatal risk factor for cerebral palsy?
Prematurity
Intrauterine infections
Birth asphyxia
Multiple gestations
Which of the following is often seen in younger children (before 2 years old) in level 5 of
GMFCS?
Limited voluntary control of movement
Inability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures in prone and sitting
Required assistance to roll
All of the above
The activation of postural muscles in a feedforward manner before a voluntary
movement begins is also known as
Feedforward posture
Anticipatory postural adjustments
Postural anticipation
Anticipatory muscle adjustment
In children that classify as GMFCS levels III-V a regression in functional ability occurs around the time that a child reaches puberty. What is the primary cause for this regression?
Changes in skeletal structure occurs and the body is unable to keep up with the rate of adaptation
A drop off in neuroplasticity
Changes in dynamic postural control due to increased spasticity
Long bones begin to change shape as children enter puberty
Which of the following would NOT be appropriate to include in an obstacle course for a child at GMFCS level IV
Stepping over small objects
Catching and throwing a ball with two hands
Kicking a ball
Transfers