Physical Development
What term is used to describe that children are taller and heavier today compared to past generations?
Secular trend
__________ involves beliefs about mental activity.
Theory of mind
__________ involves children's beliefs or cognitions about themselves.
Self-concept
What did Piaget call mental representations of familiar places (school, neighborhood)?
Cognitive maps
This is the most common vision problem during middle childhood.
Myopia
__________ intelligence involves generating new solutions to new problems.
Creative
___________ involves children's specific evaluations (negative or positive) about themselves.
Self-esteem
Consider the following phrase: "Ann is taller than Beth, but Beth is taller than Rachel. Who is the tallest?" Being able to solve this is an example of what?
Transitive inference
What are some individual differences that may impact gross motor skills?
Body build, gender, SES, parental encouragement, school/community lessons available
In a ____________ classroom, students construct their own knowlege and are evaluated on individual progress. In a ___________ classroom, children jointly constructu knowledge with their teacer and peers.
Constructivist; Social constructivist
What is the defining feature of friendships in middle childhood?
Trust
What contributes to children's resolution of Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority stage?
Family environment, teachers, peers can all positively or negatively impact this resolution.
___________, or bedwetting, is likely due to a hormonal imbalance and is largely biological.
Nocturnal enuresis
Children experiencing a difficulty with one or more aspects of learning are said to have a ___________.
Learning disability
Which self-conscious emotion is particularly harmful?
Shame
According to Gardner, __________ intelligence refers to one's ability to appropriately respond to others, where _______ intelligence refers to one's ability to accurately discriminate one's own feelings.
Interpersonal; intrapersonal
What type of brain matter peaks during middle childhood, and then is pruned away?
Gray matter
__________ children show exceptional intelligence, whereas ___________ children show outstanding performance in a certain field.
Gifted; talented
____________ is the degree to which a child feels similar to others of the same gender. __________ is the degree to which a child feels comfortable about their gender assignment.
Gender typicality; gender contentedness
Understanding that an action can be undone, such as changing the shape of a ball of playdough, is referrred to as __________.
Reversibility