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Terms & Definitions
Terms & Definitions
Terms & Definitions
Vegetation Regions, etc.
Vegetation Regions, etc.
100
loose and partly decayed organic material (What letter is used to label this horizon?)
What is SURFACE LITTER? (O Horizon)
100
permanently frozen ground that does not completely thaw in the summer
What is PERMAFROST?
100
broad-leaved trees that shed their leaves annually in the autumn (fall)
What are DECIDUOUS TREES?
100
natural vegetation in this region varies greatly: variation is a result of the wide range of temperatures, rainfall, soils, and elevations; soils of all types are found in this region
What is the CORDILLERAN VEGETATION region?
100
E Horizon
What is the ZONE OF LEACHING?
200
surface layer of Earth, composed of mineral and organic materials, air, and water.
What is SOIL?
200
Occurs in dry climates, a process by which water carrying dissolved minerals moves upward through the soil. At the surface, the water evaporates, leaving the minerals behind. The surface soil is then considered calcified.
What is CALCIFICATION? (The surface soil is then considered calcified.)
200
removal of minerals from the soil by water as it moves downward through the soil
What is LEACHING? (Leaching occurs in wet climates.)
200
northernmost vegetation region, found in areas too cold for trees to grow
What is the TUNDRA region? (Bushes, grasses, mosses, and similar plants dominate.)
200
this vegetation region is along the west coast of Canada where lush forests of Douglas Fir, Sitka spruce, red cedar, and western hemlock grow
What is the WEST COAST FOREST region?
300
combined mineral & organic material; small particles - sand, silt, clay (What letter is used to label this horizon?)
What is SUBSOIL? (B Horizon)
300
dark, upper layer of soil made up of partially decayed plant material
What is HUMUS?
300
sometimes called evergreens, these trees keep their foliage year-round
What are CONIFEROUS TREES? (conifers)
300
type of vegetation in the Canadian prairie provinces where higher precipitation levels causes grasses to grow longer than in other grassland areas
What is the LONG-GRASS PRAIRIE region?
300
coniferous (needle-leaved) forest that stretches from east to west across Canada, south of the tundra but north of the grasslands and mixed forest
What is the BOREAL AND TAIGA FOREST region?
400
different horizons (layers) in the soil and the rock layer (bedrock) below the soil
What is a SOIL PROFILE? (Each horizon has different physical, biological, and chemical characteristics.)
400
leached mineral matter mixed with humus; rich in organic material (What letter is used to label this horizon?)
What is TOPSOIL? (A Horizon)
400
area where the characteristics of one vegetation region gradually change into those of another vegetation region
What is a TRANSITION ZONE?
400
vegetation region that contains both coniferous and deciduous trees; it is a transition zone between the deciduous forest and the boreal forest.
What is the MIXED FOREST region?
400
vegetation region that is a transition zone between Grassland and Boreal Forest
What is the PARKLAND region?
500
trees with cones and often needle-like leaves
What are CONIFEROUS TREES?
500
movement of water upward through small spaces, as in soil
What is CAPILLARY ACTION?
500
geographical areas characterized by distinct plant communities
What are NATURAL VEGETATION REGIONS?
500
very small vegetation region; found in southwestern Ontario
What is the DECIDUOUS FOREST region?
500
type of vegetation in the Canadian prairie provinces where very little precipitation causes grasses to be shorter than in slightly wetter other prairie areas
What is the SHORT-GRASS PRAIRIE region?