Ch. 07 Key Terms
Anatomy
Study of the form and structure of an organism.
Congenital
acquired during development of the infant in the uterus and existing at or dating from birth; examples include club foot, cleft lip and/or palate, fetal alcohol syndrome, and spina bifida
Diagnosis
is identifying the disease or stating what it is.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria: Rod-shaped organelles located throughout the cytoplasm; often called the "furnaces" or "powerhouses" of the cell because they produce ATP (energy).
organ
Organ: Two or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function.
cell.
Cells are microscopic structures that carry on all the functions of life.
Connective tissue
Connective tissue is the supporting fabric of organs and other body parts
Edema
When there is an excess amount (too much tissue fluid), a condition called edema, or swelling of the tissues,
Mitosis
Mitosis: A form of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells.
Organelles
Organelles: Cell structures that help a cell to function, located in the cytoplasm.
the outer protective covering of
the cell. It is also called the plasma membrane.
Cytoplasm
a semifluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum: a fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm.
Nerve Tissue
Nerve tissue: Made up of special cells called neurons; it controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting messages throughout the body.
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology: The study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes.
Centrosome
located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus. It contains two centrioles.
Degenerative
Degenerative: caused by a deterioration of the function or structure of body tissues and organs either by normal body aging or lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise;
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body and is the main tissue in the skin. It forms the lining of the intestinal, respiratory, circulatory, and urinary tracts, as well as that of other body cavities
Nucleolus
Nucleolus: One or more small, round bodies located inside the nucleus, and important in cell reproduction.
Physiology
Physiology: The study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work.
Chromatin
located in the nucleus and made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein. During cell reproduction, the chromatin condenses to form rod-like structures called chromosomes. A human cell has 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs.
Dehydration
If there is an insufficient amount (not enough tissue fluid), a condition called dehydration occurs.
Muscle tissue
Muscle tissue: Produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers.
Nucleus: A mass in the cytoplasm; often called the "brain" of the cell because it controls many cell activities and is important in cell division.
Pinocytic Vesicles
Pinocytic vesicles: Pocketlike folds in the cell membrane that allow large molecules such as proteins and fats to enter the cell.