Key Terms
acceptance-
Patients understand ske and accept the fact that they are going to die. Patients may complete unfinished business and try to help those around them deal with the oncoming death.
Arteriosclerosis-
a thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, can also decrease the blood bon supply to the brain and cause a decrease in mental abilities.
early adulthood-
the most productive life stage. Physical development is basically complete, muscles are developed and strong, and motor coordination is at its peak.
Hospice-
care can play an important role in meeting the needs of the dying patient. Hospice care offers palliative care, or care that provides support
Rationalization-
This involves using a reasonable excuse or acceptable explanation for behavior to avoid the real reason or true motivation.
adolescence-
Physical changes occur most dramatically in the early period. A sudden "growth spurt" can cause rapid increases in weight and height. A weight gain of up to 25 pounds
bargaining-
occurs when patients accept death but want more time to live. Frequently, this is a period when patients turn to religion and spiritual beliefs.
early childhood-
During early childhood, from 1-6 years of age, physical growth is slower than during infancy. By age 6, the average weight is 45 pounds (20.4 kg), and the average height is 46 inches (116 cm). Skeletal and muscle development helps the child assume a more adult appearance.
infancy-
birth to 1 year
regression-
This involves retreating to a previous developmental level that provided more safety and security than the current level an individual is experiencing.
affection-.
The need for love and affection is satisfied when friends are made, social contacts are established, acceptance by others is received, and the individual is able to both give and receive affection and love
chemical abuse-
is the use of substances such as alcohol or drugs and the development of a physical and/or you! mental dependence on these chemicals.
emotional-
development continues to help the childa achieve a greater independence and a more distinct personality
late adulthood-
6-12 years
repression-
When feelings or emotions become too painful or frightening for the mind to deal with, repression
Alzheimer's disease-
can lead to irreversible loss of memory, deterioration of intellectual functions, speech and gait disturbances, and disorientation.
cognitive-
to intellectual development and includes learning how to solve problems, make judgments, and deal with situations.
esteem-
Esteem includes feeling important and worthwhile. When others show respect, approval, and appreciation, an individual begins to feel esteem and gains self-respect.
projection-
This involves placing the blame for one's own actions or inadequacies on someone else or on circumstances rather than accepting responsibility for the actions
safety-
Safety needs include the need to be but free from anxiety and fear, and the need to feel secure in the environment.
anger-
occurs when the patient is no longer able to deny death. Statements such as "Why me?" or "It's your fault" are common. Patients may strike out at anyone who comes in contact with them and become hostile and bitter.
displacement-
usually occurs because individuals cannot direct the feelings toward the person who is responsible. Many people fear directing hostile or negative feelings toward their bosses or supervisors because they fear job loss
growth-
Growth refers to the measurable physical changes that occur throughout a person's life.
Puberty-
physical changes in adolescents relate to the development of the sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics, frequently called puberty
Satisfaction-
They find satisfaction in their achievements, take responsibility for their actions, and learn to accept criticism and to profit from mistakes.