Case Concepts
What is a case?
A person who has been diagnosed with a health-related state or event
What is primary prevention?
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is zoonosis?
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector
What is cholera?
An acute infectious disease characterized by watery diarrhea, loss of fluid, and electrolytes, dehydration, and collapse.
What is a pandemic?
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an exterior region, country, or continent.
What is a pathogen?
What is passive primary prevention?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual
What is a fomite?
An object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission.
What is smallpox?
A disease characterized by chills, fever, and headache, and backache, with eruption of pimples that blister and form pockmarks
What is a common source epidemic?
Arise from a specific source
What is an index case?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is active primary prevention?
Requires behavior change on the part of the individual.
What is an active carrier?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism even after a person has recovered.
What is child bed fever?
A uterine infection , usually of the placental site after birth
What is an epidemic?
Is the occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
What is a suspect case?
An individual who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition yet has not been diagnosed as having the disease, or has the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen.
What is tertiary prevention?
Consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disease has already occurred and caused damage.
What is a portal of exit?
How disease transmission occurs when the pathogen leaves the reservoir
What is anthrax?
A serious bacterial infection, usually fatal caused by Bacillus anthracis.
What is a mixed epidemic?
Occurs when victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spread the disease resulting in a propagated outbreak.
What is case severity?
Found by looking at several variables that are effective measures of it.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Involves characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
What is a portal of entry?
How the disease causing agent or pathogen enters the body
What is typhoid fever?
An infectious disease characterized by continued fever, physical and mental depression, rose colored spots on the chest and abdomen, diarrhea, and sometimes intestinal hemorrhage or perforation of the bowel.
What are examples of vehicle-born transmission?
Hepatitis B and HIV/AIDS