Define
Bioenergetics
The chemical process of converting food into energy. Also referred to as metabolism
What is the ATP-PC Systems reaction?
Enzyme creatine kinase breaks PC into creatine and Pi. Pi is donated to ADP to replenish ATP.
Triglyceride Structure
A triglyceride structure consists of a glycerol molecule plus 3 fatty acids
Laboratory vs. Field Research
laboratory is is a specific, controlled lab environments. While, field is in a classroom, gymnasiums, athletic field, etc.
Quantitive Research
•Numerical data to explain, predict, show control of phenomenon
Glycogen
storage form of glucose in animals(not plants); typically stores in muscle and liver
Forms of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides: maltose, sucrose(sugar)
Polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, glycogen
What are the three ATP production systems?
-ATP-PC (phosphocreatine) system
- Glycolysis
- Glycogen
Independent vs dependent variables
Independent variables are factors that are controlled or selected by the investigator to be held constant or manipulated to see how dependent variables will react. Dependent variables are measured/responds to the independent variables.
Qualitative Research
Narrative-type data; often used in social sciences
Essential Amino Acids
There are nine essential amino acids:
Pyruvate can be converted into what?
Pyruvate can be converted two different ways..
If pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA can enter aerobic pathways. If pyruvate is converted to lactate, it cannot enter aerobic pathways
Protein Structure (amino acid structure)
Structure: central carbon bound to hydrogen, amino group, acid group, and unique side chain that distinguishes each AA
Anabolism vs. Catabolism
Anabolism uses energy to form a product from separate molecules whereas catabolism is the breaking down of substrate into molecules, releasing energy.
Descriptive research
Describes different phenomenon, but not how & why
Glycogenolysis
breaking down of glycogen into glucose
What are enzymes? Role and function
Protein molecules that facilitate a chemical reaction (including metabolic
reaction) by lowering energy of activation (or the energy required for reaction to occur)
Magnitude of Contribution of each energy system primarily dependent on BLANK and BLANK
INTENSITY and DURATION
Saturated vs Unsaturated fatty acids
saturated fatty acids contain the max number of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds, whereas unsaturated fatty acids do not contain the max number of hydrogen atoms and has at least one double bond.
Correlational research
Relationship (not necessarily causal) between variables
glycogenesis
formation of glycogen from glucose.
what is the final product of glycolysis?
Two pyruvic acid (or pyruvate) molecules, Two NADH + H+molecules (reduced NAD) and a net gain of two ATP.
Intramuscular Glycogen adaptations from Glycolysis
• Increases in IM glycogen
affect glycolytic & aerobic
production of ATP
• Endurance training increases
IM glycogen
Buffering Capacity Adaptations: improve ability to buffer acidity
of hydrogen ions produced in glycolysis
Reliability vs Validity
Validity is whether it measures what it is supposed to or not. Reliability is whether the measurement is consistent or not.
Experimental research
•Manipulation of variables to understand how something works