Breaks in the earth's surface along which rock can move.
What are faults?
100
This detects, times, and measures the movements of the earth.
What is a seismograph?
100
The strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake.
What is magnitude?
100
Magma that breaks through the earth's surface.
What is lava?
100
A hot spot and heated magma rising to the surface all cause this.
What is volcanic eruptions?
200
When molten rock moves under a volcano, the buildup and release of energy when two surface plates move or shift against each other, and when large amounts of earth are removed or added. These all cause this event to occur.
What is an earthquake?
200
The beginning point of an earthquake.
What is the focus?
200
Vibrations of energy that flow from the focus of an earthquake.
What is seismic waves?
200
These occur in places where water is heated by hot magma.
What are hot springs?
200
Volcanic fog.
What is vog?
300
The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
What is epicenter?
300
This occurs when rocks move apart, forming a gap.
What is a normal fault?
300
The layer of earth directly beneath the mantle.
What is the core?
300
This occurs when part of a mountain collapses, causing mud and rock fragments to surge down the mountain.
What is debris flow?
300
The area around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes occur.
What is the Ring of Fire?
400
The idea that the earth's crust is made up of moving plates.
What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?
400
Slower destructive waves that occur on the surface of the earth.
What is surface waves?
400
Occurs when rocks move horizontally past each other.
What is strike-slip fault?
400
An avalanche-like emission of red-hot dust and gases from a volcanic eruption.
What is pyroclastic flow?
400
A certain volcano is expected to erupt again within the next five years. It has a bowl-like crater at its top and only one main vent.
What is an active cinder volcano?
500
Occurs when rocks push together, forcing a section of rock upward.
What is a thrust or reverse fault?
500
Fast moving waves that occur beneath the surface of the earth.
What are body waves?
500
An earthquake's magnitude can be measured by
What is the Richter Scale?
500
This large volcano seems to be layered, signifying that different types of lava flows have occurred in the past, but the volcano is presently inactive.
What is a dormant composite cone volcano?
500
This large, gradually sloping volcano has mild eruptions and a continuous flow of lava. Scientists will study the composition of the gathered lava.