The Scientific Method
The first step in the scientific method, which includes determining an area of interest and developing focused questions by watching and studying.
Observe and Develop Questions
This research is more concerned with whether research builds on existing theory, rather than whether there are practical applications for the outcomes.
Basic
This often involves finding an explanation for our own behaviors or the behaviors of others by using personal judgment or a single story (anecdote) about one person’s experience, which is often affected by numerous cognitive and motivational biases.
Intuition
This section of a research paper is where the author justifies their work.
Introduction
Description, prediction, determining causes, and understanding or explaining are the four main goals of scientific research on this.
Behavior
Formulating a hypothesis includes creating a testable prediction, elaborating on what the researcher expects to observe, and this is a step in the scientific method.
Step three
This research focuses on problems that have immediate practical consequences so that it is possible to apply findings to those problems and see results in action.
Applied
This way of knowing something relies on a source with perceived expertise.
Authority
In this section of a research paper, the author describes what was conducted.
Method
This part of causal inference demonstrates that the cause occurs before the effect.
Temporal precedence
If you are reading and reviewing literature on an area of study, as well as identifying new areas related to your interest, you would be doing this second step of the scientific method.
This is the branch of research that examines differences in behaviors that can easily be quantified or counted. This may include "how often," "how many," or “how much” of a behavior or characteristic a participant or a group of participants has.
Quantitative
This "way of knowing" is fundamental to the scientific approach, stating that knowledge comes from observation.
Empiricism
This section of a research paper is where you are most likely to find the limitations of a study.
Discussion
When the cause is present, the effect occurs, and when the cause is not present, the effect does not occur, thus establishing this.
Covariation of cause and effect
During the fourth step in the scientific method, you test your hypothesis by first developing ways to test your constructs, a process known as this.
Operationalizing
This is the branch of research that examines differences in quality. This includes the "why" and "how" of individuals in regards to the differences in behavior when it comes to their nature or quality.
Qualitative
When testing scientific ideas, the ideas are either supported or this- meaning they have been proven wrong.
Falsified
This is a limitation in a study wherein research conducted in one setting may be broadly applied to other settings.
Generalization
This is the final goal of science, which allows us to understand why a behavior occurs.
Explain
In this fifth stage of the scientific method, results are interpreted to determine whether the hypothesis was supported.
Analyze and draw conclusions
In this major area of applied research, social reforms and innovations that occur in government, education, the criminal justice system, industry, health care, and mental health institutions are assessed.
Program evaluation
This is the use of seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations to substantiate claims that are not based on scientific research.
Pseudoscience
If a study includes human or animal participants, their treatment should be evaluated to determine if the research poses any of these.
Ethical issues
By eliminating these, it is determined that nothing other than a causal variable could be responsible for an observed effect.
Alternative explanations