Essential nutrients
Carbohydrates
major source of readily usable energy
BMI
a calculation that measures weight in relation to height
Regular diet
a balanced diet usually used for the patients with no dietary restrictions
Bland diet
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Lipids
fats and oils that are organic compounds
Anorexia
a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Protein diets
includes both low-protein and high-protein diets
Calorie-controlled diets
includes both low-calorie and high-calorie diets
Malnutrition
the state of poor nutrition
Proteins
the basic components of all body cells
Bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts or refuses to eat at all
Sodium-restricted diets
a diet that reduces salt intake
diabetic diet
also called low-sodium or low-salt diets; used for patients with diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose
Vitamins
organic compounds that are essential to life
Bulimarexia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
Soft diet
similar to the regular diet, but foods must require little chewing and be easy to digest
Fat-restricted diets
usually limit fats to less that 50 grams daily
Osteoporosis
Brittle bones that are more prone to fractures
Minerals
inorganic (nonliving) elements found in all body tissues
Overweight
a body weight that is 10 to 20 percent greater than the average recommended weight for a person’s height, or a BMI from 25 to 29.9
Liquid diets
includes both clear and full liquids
Fiber diets
classified as high fiber or low fiber
Atherosclerosis
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances