Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
absorption
: The process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
carbohydrates
: The major source of readily usable human energy; commonly called starches or sugars.
calorie
: The unit of measurement for the fuel or energy value of food.
bland diet
: Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
cholesterol
: A sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products used in the production of steroid hormones and vitamin D.
calorie-controlled diets
: Include both low-calorie and high-calorie diets used for weight management.
body mass index
BMI): A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
cellulose
: The fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract.
bulimia
: A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts or refuses to eat; may involve using laxatives or inducing vomiting.
hypertension
: High blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet.
liquid diets
: Include both clear and full liquids; used after surgery or for patients with digestive issues.
therapeutic diets
: Modifications of the normal diet used to improve specific health conditions.
antioxidants
: Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
diabetes mellitus
: A metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to increased blood glucose.
metabolism
: The process in which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, providing energy, and regulating functions.
peristalsis
: A rhythmic, wavelike motion of the muscles that moves food through the digestive tract.
bulimarexia
: A psychological condition in which a person alternately binges and then fasts or refuses to eat.
malnutrition
: The state of poor nutrition; may be caused by poor diet or illness.
proteins
Basic components of all body cells made of amino acids.
atherosclerosis
: Condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces.
anorexia nervosa
: A psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake.
low-cholesterol diet
: Restricts foods that contain cholesterol and limits fats from animal sources.
sodium-restricted diets
: Low-salt diets used for patients with hypertension, heart disease, or kidney disease.
basal metabolic rate
(BMR): The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work.
osteoporosis
: Condition in which bones become porous and break easily, often due to calcium deficiencies.